Numerical investigation of optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle for load imbalance reduction of rigid and flexible HAWT blades under sheared inflow

Wind shear can strongly influence the cyclic loading on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. These load fluctuation causes a variation of power output and introduces fatigue load. Thus, individual pitch controllers have been developed that are focused on the load alleviations, however, comes at a pr...

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Published in:	Energy (Oxford) Vol. 84; pp. 518 - 532
Main Authors:	Jeong, Min-Soo, Cha, Myung-Chan, Kim, Sang-Woo, Lee, In
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2015
Subjects:	ABAQUS Blade element momentum Blades Controllers Fatigue (materials) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines mathematical models Misalignment Optimization Pitch angle prediction quadratic programming SQP (sequential quadratic programming) algorithm wind Wind shear Wind turbine wind turbines Yaw Yaw misalignment CFD ABAQUS BEM SQP HAWT RFBM SQP (sequential quadratic programming) algorithm Yaw misalignment FSI IPC Wind turbine Blade element momentum Wind shear
ISSN:	0360-5442
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Abstract	Wind shear can strongly influence the cyclic loading on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. These load fluctuation causes a variation of power output and introduces fatigue load. Thus, individual pitch controllers have been developed that are focused on the load alleviations, however, comes at a price of actuator requirements for control. Moreover, these controllers are unable to apply to already existing wind turbines with active yaw and collective pitch control system. Therefore, the investigations for minimizing load imbalance through the adjustments of yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle are implemented for the rigid and flexible blades under the sheared inflow. By applying the optimization process based on a sequential quadratic programming approach, the optimal yaw and pitch angle can be estimated. Then, the numerical simulations for predicting the performance are performed. The results showed that the fluctuation range of the root flapwise bending moment for the rigid blades can be reduced by 84.5%, whereas the vibratory bending moment for the flexible blades can be reduced by up to approximately 82.4% in the best case. Therefore, the magnitudes of load imbalance can be minimized by the adjustment of the optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle without any power loss. •We propose a novel method for the reduction of load imbalance under sheared inflow.•We estimate optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle through optimization.•Numerical results of performance are predicted for rigid and flexible blades.•By applying optimal angles, load variations are reduced without any power loss.
AbstractList	Wind shear can strongly influence the cyclic loading on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. These load fluctuation causes a variation of power output and introduces fatigue load. Thus, individual pitch controllers have been developed that are focused on the load alleviations, however, comes at a price of actuator requirements for control. Moreover, these controllers are unable to apply to already existing wind turbines with active yaw and collective pitch control system. Therefore, the investigations for minimizing load imbalance through the adjustments of yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle are implemented for the rigid and flexible blades under the sheared inflow. By applying the optimization process based on a sequential quadratic programming approach, the optimal yaw and pitch angle can be estimated. Then, the numerical simulations for predicting the performance are performed. The results showed that the fluctuation range of the root flapwise bending moment for the rigid blades can be reduced by 84.5%, whereas the vibratory bending moment for the flexible blades can be reduced by up to approximately 82.4% in the best case. Therefore, the magnitudes of load imbalance can be minimized by the adjustment of the optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle without any power loss. Wind shear can strongly influence the cyclic loading on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. These load fluctuation causes a variation of power output and introduces fatigue load. Thus, individual pitch controllers have been developed that are focused on the load alleviations, however, comes at a price of actuator requirements for control. Moreover, these controllers are unable to apply to already existing wind turbines with active yaw and collective pitch control system. Therefore, the investigations for minimizing load imbalance through the adjustments of yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle are implemented for the rigid and flexible blades under the sheared inflow. By applying the optimization process based on a sequential quadratic programming approach, the optimal yaw and pitch angle can be estimated. Then, the numerical simulations for predicting the performance are performed. The results showed that the fluctuation range of the root flapwise bending moment for the rigid blades can be reduced by 84.5%, whereas the vibratory bending moment for the flexible blades can be reduced by up to approximately 82.4% in the best case. Therefore, the magnitudes of load imbalance can be minimized by the adjustment of the optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle without any power loss. •We propose a novel method for the reduction of load imbalance under sheared inflow.•We estimate optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle through optimization.•Numerical results of performance are predicted for rigid and flexible blades.•By applying optimal angles, load variations are reduced without any power loss.
Author	Jeong, Min-Soo Cha, Myung-Chan Lee, In Kim, Sang-Woo
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Min-Soo surname: Jeong fullname: Jeong, Min-Soo organization: Body Durability CAE Team, R&D Division, Hyundai Motor Co., Hwaseong 445-706, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Myung-Chan surname: Cha fullname: Cha, Myung-Chan organization: Ship Performance Research Department II, Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Ulsan 682-792, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Sang-Woo surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sang-Woo organization: Launch Complex Team (LCT), KSLV-II R&D Executive Office, Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: In surname: Lee fullname: Lee, In email: inlee@kaist.ac.kr organization: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Keywords	CFD ABAQUS BEM SQP HAWT RFBM SQP (sequential quadratic programming) algorithm Yaw misalignment FSI IPC Wind turbine Blade element momentum Wind shear
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Snippet	Wind shear can strongly influence the cyclic loading on horizontal axis wind turbine blades. These load fluctuation causes a variation of power output and...
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SubjectTerms	ABAQUS Blade element momentum Blades Controllers Fatigue (materials) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines mathematical models Misalignment Optimization Pitch angle prediction quadratic programming SQP (sequential quadratic programming) algorithm wind Wind shear Wind turbine wind turbines Yaw Yaw misalignment
Title	Numerical investigation of optimal yaw misalignment and collective pitch angle for load imbalance reduction of rigid and flexible HAWT blades under sheared inflow
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