Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from noise 1 – 8 . We can complete a universal set of logic gates by producing special resources called mag...

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Published in:Nature (London) Vol. 625; no. 7994; pp. 259 - 263
Main Authors: Gupta, Riddhi S., Sundaresan, Neereja, Alexander, Thomas, Wood, Christopher J., Merkel, Seth T., Healy, Michael B., Hillenbrand, Marius, Jochym-O’Connor, Tomas, Wootton, James R., Yoder, Theodore J., Cross, Andrew W., Takita, Maika, Brown, Benjamin J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.01.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:
639/766/483/2802
639/766/483/481
Accuracy
Algorithms
Circuits
Codes
Error correcting codes
Error correction
Error correction & detection
Fault tolerance
Gates (circuits)
Humanities and Social Sciences
Logic
Logic circuits
multidisciplinary
Quantum computers
Quantum computing
Qubits (quantum computing)
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Tomography
ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from noise 1 – 8 . We can complete a universal set of logic gates by producing special resources called magic states 9 – 11 . It is therefore important to produce high-fidelity magic states to conduct algorithms while introducing a minimal amount of noise to the computation. Here we propose and implement a scheme to prepare a magic state on a superconducting qubit array using error correction. We find that our scheme produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device. This demonstrates a fundamental principle of fault-tolerant quantum computing 12 , namely, that we can use error correction to improve the quality of logic gates with noisy qubits. Moreover, we show that the yield of magic states can be increased using adaptive circuits, in which the circuit elements are changed depending on the outcome of mid-circuit measurements. This demonstrates an essential capability needed for many error-correction subroutines. We believe that our prototype will be invaluable in the future as it can reduce the number of physical qubits needed to produce high-fidelity magic states in large-scale quantum-computing architectures. A scheme to prepare a magic state, an important ingredient for quantum computers, on a superconducting qubit array using error correction is proposed that produces better magic states than those that can be prepared using the individual qubits of the device.
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ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-023-06846-3