A highly replicable decline in mood during rest and simple tasks

Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered particip...

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Published in:	Nature human behaviour Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 596 - 610
Main Authors:	Jangraw, David C., Keren, Hanna, Sun, Haorui, Bedder, Rachel L., Rutledge, Robb B., Pereira, Francisco, Thomas, Adam G., Pine, Daniel S., Zheng, Charles, Nielson, Dylan M., Stringaris, Argyris
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.04.2023 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	4014/477/2811 631/378/1689/1414 631/477/2811 Adolescent Adult Affect Affect (Psychology) Behavior Behavioral Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Emotions Experimental Psychology Experiments Gambling Humans Life Sciences Mathematical models Mental depression Mental health Microeconomics Mood Disorders Neurosciences Personality and Social Psychology Psychiatry Psychology Ratings & rankings Subjectivity Time University colleges
ISSN:	2397-3374, 2397-3374
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Abstract	Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants’ mood, an effect we call ‘Mood Drift Over Time’. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (−13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen’s d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time’s effects when studying mood and behaviour. In a series of experiments, Jangraw et al. show that people’s mood declines over time in common psychological tasks and during rest periods, but not in freely chosen behaviours.
AbstractList	Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants' mood, an effect we call 'Mood Drift Over Time'. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (-13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen's d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time's effects when studying mood and behaviour.Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants' mood, an effect we call 'Mood Drift Over Time'. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (-13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen's d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time's effects when studying mood and behaviour. Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants’ mood, an effect we call ‘Mood Drift Over Time’. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (−13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen’s d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time’s effects when studying mood and behaviour.In a series of experiments, Jangraw et al. show that people’s mood declines over time in common psychological tasks and during rest periods, but not in freely chosen behaviours. Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. We demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants’ mood, an effect we call “Mood Drift Over Time.” This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totaling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (−13.8% after 7.3 minutes of rest, Cohen’s d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time’s effects when studying mood and behaviour. Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants' mood, an effect we call 'Mood Drift Over Time'. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (-13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen's d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time's effects when studying mood and behaviour. Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we intermixed subjective momentary mood ratings into repetitive psychology paradigms. Here we demonstrate that task and rest periods lowered participants’ mood, an effect we call ‘Mood Drift Over Time’. This finding was replicated in 19 cohorts totalling 28,482 adult and adolescent participants. The drift was relatively large (−13.8% after 7.3 min of rest, Cohen’s d = 0.574) and was consistent across cohorts. Behaviour was also impacted: participants were less likely to gamble in a task that followed a rest period. Importantly, the drift slope was inversely related to reward sensitivity. We show that accounting for time using a linear term significantly improves the fit of a computational model of mood. Our work provides conceptual and methodological reasons for researchers to account for time’s effects when studying mood and behaviour. In a series of experiments, Jangraw et al. show that people’s mood declines over time in common psychological tasks and during rest periods, but not in freely chosen behaviours.
Author	Sun, Haorui Nielson, Dylan M. Stringaris, Argyris Jangraw, David C. Zheng, Charles Bedder, Rachel L. Rutledge, Robb B. Pine, Daniel S. Pereira, Francisco Thomas, Adam G. Keren, Hanna
AuthorAffiliation	7 Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 4 Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK 2 Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA 1 National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 3 Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel 5 Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK 6 Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 8 Faculty of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 8 Faculty of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK – name: 2 Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA – name: 6 Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA – name: 4 Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK – name: 1 National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA – name: 3 Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel – name: 7 Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece – name: 5 Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 D.C.J., H.K., D.M.N., and A.S. devised the task. D.C.J. wrote the online experiments. D.C.J. and H.S. collected the online data. R.L.B. and R.B.R. provided data and information from the mobile app experiments. C. Z. and F.P. devised the computational model. D.C.J., C.Z., and D.M.N. wrote analysis code. D.C.J. and D. M.N. ran the analyses. D.C.J., D.M.N., and A.S. wrote the manuscript. All authors provided revisions and finalized the text. These authors contributed equally to this work Author Contributions
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Snippet	Does our mood change as time passes? This question is central to behavioural and affective science, yet it remains largely unexamined. To investigate, we...
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SubjectTerms	4014/477/2811 631/378/1689/1414 631/477/2811 Adolescent Adult Affect Affect (Psychology) Behavior Behavioral Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Emotions Experimental Psychology Experiments Gambling Humans Life Sciences Mathematical models Mental depression Mental health Microeconomics Mood Disorders Neurosciences Personality and Social Psychology Psychiatry Psychology Ratings & rankings Subjectivity Time University colleges
Title	A highly replicable decline in mood during rest and simple tasks
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