Microprocessor-based integration of microfluidic control for the implementation of automated sensor monitoring and multithreaded optimization algorithms

Microfluidic applications range from combinatorial synthesis to high throughput screening, with platforms integrating analog perfusion components, digitally controlled micro-valves and a range of sensors that demand a variety of communication protocols. Currently, discrete control units are used to...

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Vydané v:	Biomedical microdevices Ročník 17; číslo 4; s. 82 - 9
Hlavní autori:	Ezra, Elishai, Maor, Idan, Bavli, Danny, Shalom, Itai, Levy, Gahl, Prill, Sebastian, Jaeger, Magnus S., Nahmias, Yaakov
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	New York Springer US 01.08.2015 Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Algorithms Automation, Laboratory Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biophysics Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation Calibration Cell Line Circuits Computation Control equipment Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation Electronics Engineering Engineering Fluid Dynamics Equipment Design Hepatocytes - drug effects Humans Lactic Acid - analysis Liver - pathology Mathematical models Medical equipment Microcomputers Microfluidics Microfluidics - instrumentation Microprocessors Monitoring Nanotechnology Optimization Polymethyl Methacrylate - chemistry Pressure Rotenone - chemistry Sensors Gadgeteer Microprocessor Microfluidics Optimization
ISSN:	1387-2176, 1572-8781, 1572-8781
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Abstract	Microfluidic applications range from combinatorial synthesis to high throughput screening, with platforms integrating analog perfusion components, digitally controlled micro-valves and a range of sensors that demand a variety of communication protocols. Currently, discrete control units are used to regulate and monitor each component, resulting in scattered control interfaces that limit data integration and synchronization. Here, we present a microprocessor-based control unit, utilizing the MS Gadgeteer open framework that integrates all aspects of microfluidics through a high-current electronic circuit that supports and synchronizes digital and analog signals for perfusion components, pressure elements, and arbitrary sensor communication protocols using a plug-and-play interface. The control unit supports an integrated touch screen and TCP/IP interface that provides local and remote control of flow and data acquisition. To establish the ability of our control unit to integrate and synchronize complex microfluidic circuits we developed an equi-pressure combinatorial mixer. We demonstrate the generation of complex perfusion sequences, allowing the automated sampling, washing, and calibrating of an electrochemical lactate sensor continuously monitoring hepatocyte viability following exposure to the pesticide rotenone. Importantly, integration of an optical sensor allowed us to implement automated optimization protocols that require different computational challenges including: prioritized data structures in a genetic algorithm, distributed computational efforts in multiple-hill climbing searches and real-time realization of probabilistic models in simulated annealing. Our system offers a comprehensive solution for establishing optimization protocols and perfusion sequences in complex microfluidic circuits.
AbstractList	Microfluidic applications range from combinatorial synthesis to high throughput screening, with platforms integrating analog perfusion components, digitally controlled micro-valves and a range of sensors that demand a variety of communication protocols. Currently, discrete control units are used to regulate and monitor each component, resulting in scattered control interfaces that limit data integration and synchronization. Here, we present a microprocessor-based control unit, utilizing the MS Gadgeteer open framework that integrates all aspects of microfluidics through a high-current electronic circuit that supports and synchronizes digital and analog signals for perfusion components, pressure elements, and arbitrary sensor communication protocols using a plug-and-play interface. The control unit supports an integrated touch screen and TCP/IP interface that provides local and remote control of flow and data acquisition. To establish the ability of our control unit to integrate and synchronize complex microfluidic circuits we developed an equi-pressure combinatorial mixer. We demonstrate the generation of complex perfusion sequences, allowing the automated sampling, washing, and calibrating of an electrochemical lactate sensor continuously monitoring hepatocyte viability following exposure to the pesticide rotenone. Importantly, integration of an optical sensor allowed us to implement automated optimization protocols that require different computational challenges including: prioritized data structures in a genetic algorithm, distributed computational efforts in multiple-hill climbing searches and real-time realization of probabilistic models in simulated annealing. Our system offers a comprehensive solution for establishing optimization protocols and perfusion sequences in complex microfluidic circuits. Microfluidic applications range from combinatorial synthesis to high throughput screening, with platforms integrating analog perfusion components, digitally controlled micro-valves and a range of sensors that demand a variety of communication protocols. Currently, discrete control units are used to regulate and monitor each component, resulting in scattered control interfaces that limit data integration and synchronization. Here, we present a microprocessor-based control unit, utilizing the MS Gadgeteer open framework that integrates all aspects of microfluidics through a high-current electronic circuit that supports and synchronizes digital and analog signals for perfusion components, pressure elements, and arbitrary sensor communication protocols using a plug-and-play interface. The control unit supports an integrated touch screen and TCP/IP interface that provides local and remote control of flow and data acquisition. To establish the ability of our control unit to integrate and synchronize complex microfluidic circuits we developed an equi-pressure combinatorial mixer. We demonstrate the generation of complex perfusion sequences, allowing the automated sampling, washing, and calibrating of an electrochemical lactate sensor continuously monitoring hepatocyte viability following exposure to the pesticide rotenone. Importantly, integration of an optical sensor allowed us to implement automated optimization protocols that require different computational challenges including: prioritized data structures in a genetic algorithm, distributed computational efforts in multiple-hill climbing searches and real-time realization of probabilistic models in simulated annealing. Our system offers a comprehensive solution for establishing optimization protocols and perfusion sequences in complex microfluidic circuits.Microfluidic applications range from combinatorial synthesis to high throughput screening, with platforms integrating analog perfusion components, digitally controlled micro-valves and a range of sensors that demand a variety of communication protocols. Currently, discrete control units are used to regulate and monitor each component, resulting in scattered control interfaces that limit data integration and synchronization. Here, we present a microprocessor-based control unit, utilizing the MS Gadgeteer open framework that integrates all aspects of microfluidics through a high-current electronic circuit that supports and synchronizes digital and analog signals for perfusion components, pressure elements, and arbitrary sensor communication protocols using a plug-and-play interface. The control unit supports an integrated touch screen and TCP/IP interface that provides local and remote control of flow and data acquisition. To establish the ability of our control unit to integrate and synchronize complex microfluidic circuits we developed an equi-pressure combinatorial mixer. We demonstrate the generation of complex perfusion sequences, allowing the automated sampling, washing, and calibrating of an electrochemical lactate sensor continuously monitoring hepatocyte viability following exposure to the pesticide rotenone. Importantly, integration of an optical sensor allowed us to implement automated optimization protocols that require different computational challenges including: prioritized data structures in a genetic algorithm, distributed computational efforts in multiple-hill climbing searches and real-time realization of probabilistic models in simulated annealing. Our system offers a comprehensive solution for establishing optimization protocols and perfusion sequences in complex microfluidic circuits.
ArticleNumber	82
Author	Jaeger, Magnus S. Ezra, Elishai Bavli, Danny Maor, Idan Prill, Sebastian Shalom, Itai Levy, Gahl Nahmias, Yaakov
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Elishai surname: Ezra fullname: Ezra, Elishai organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – sequence: 2 givenname: Idan surname: Maor fullname: Maor, Idan organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – sequence: 3 givenname: Danny surname: Bavli fullname: Bavli, Danny organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – sequence: 4 givenname: Itai surname: Shalom fullname: Shalom, Itai organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – sequence: 5 givenname: Gahl surname: Levy fullname: Levy, Gahl organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem – sequence: 6 givenname: Sebastian surname: Prill fullname: Prill, Sebastian organization: Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology – sequence: 7 givenname: Magnus S. surname: Jaeger fullname: Jaeger, Magnus S. organization: Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology – sequence: 8 givenname: Yaakov surname: Nahmias fullname: Nahmias, Yaakov email: ynahmias@cs.huji.ac.il organization: Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Automation, Laboratory Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biophysics Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation Calibration Cell Line Circuits Computation Control equipment Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation Electronics Engineering Engineering Fluid Dynamics Equipment Design Hepatocytes - drug effects Humans Lactic Acid - analysis Liver - pathology Mathematical models Medical equipment Microcomputers Microfluidics Microfluidics - instrumentation Microprocessors Monitoring Nanotechnology Optimization Polymethyl Methacrylate - chemistry Pressure Rotenone - chemistry Sensors
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