Grain yield and quality responses to nitrogen application rate and timing in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions
In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain y...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Agrosystems, geosciences & environment Jg. 7; H. 2 |
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.06.2024
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| Abstract | In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain yield, lodging, grain appearance, and protein content in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions. In 2019, plants had larger source ability using the normal solar radiation at the tillering stage, regardless of N application timings. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield and the highest percentage of undamaged grains under high air temperature condition during the early ripening stage. In 2020, plants did not have larger source ability due to the lower solar radiation at the tillering stage. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield but produced the highest percentage of green immature grains. These results mean that solar radiation at the tillering stage may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in dry direct broadcast seeded rice. Therefore, since plants grown under normal solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have large source ability, more N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to increase grain yield. In contrast, since plants grown under low solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have small source ability, less N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to decrease the occurrence of green immature grains.
Core Ideas
Grain yield increased by nitrogen (N) application at reproductive.
Undamaged grains increased by N application at reproductive under high temperature at ripening.
Immature green grains occurred by N application at reproductive under low solar radiation at tillering.
Solar radiation at tillering was higher in 2019 than 2020, and grain yield was higher in 2019.
Solar radiation at tillering may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in broadcast rice. |
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| AbstractList | In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain yield, lodging, grain appearance, and protein content in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions. In 2019, plants had larger source ability using the normal solar radiation at the tillering stage, regardless of N application timings. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield and the highest percentage of undamaged grains under high air temperature condition during the early ripening stage. In 2020, plants did not have larger source ability due to the lower solar radiation at the tillering stage. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield but produced the highest percentage of green immature grains. These results mean that solar radiation at the tillering stage may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in dry direct broadcast seeded rice. Therefore, since plants grown under normal solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have large source ability, more N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to increase grain yield. In contrast, since plants grown under low solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have small source ability, less N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to decrease the occurrence of green immature grains. In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain yield, lodging, grain appearance, and protein content in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions. In 2019, plants had larger source ability using the normal solar radiation at the tillering stage, regardless of N application timings. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield and the highest percentage of undamaged grains under high air temperature condition during the early ripening stage. In 2020, plants did not have larger source ability due to the lower solar radiation at the tillering stage. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield but produced the highest percentage of green immature grains. These results mean that solar radiation at the tillering stage may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in dry direct broadcast seeded rice. Therefore, since plants grown under normal solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have large source ability, more N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to increase grain yield. In contrast, since plants grown under low solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have small source ability, less N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to decrease the occurrence of green immature grains. Core Ideas Grain yield increased by nitrogen (N) application at reproductive. Undamaged grains increased by N application at reproductive under high temperature at ripening. Immature green grains occurred by N application at reproductive under low solar radiation at tillering. Solar radiation at tillering was higher in 2019 than 2020, and grain yield was higher in 2019. Solar radiation at tillering may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in broadcast rice. Abstract In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain yield, lodging, grain appearance, and protein content in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions. In 2019, plants had larger source ability using the normal solar radiation at the tillering stage, regardless of N application timings. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield and the highest percentage of undamaged grains under high air temperature condition during the early ripening stage. In 2020, plants did not have larger source ability due to the lower solar radiation at the tillering stage. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield but produced the highest percentage of green immature grains. These results mean that solar radiation at the tillering stage may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in dry direct broadcast seeded rice. Therefore, since plants grown under normal solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have large source ability, more N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to increase grain yield. In contrast, since plants grown under low solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have small source ability, less N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to decrease the occurrence of green immature grains. In rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2019 and 2020 to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) application rate and timing on grain yield, lodging, grain appearance, and protein content in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions. In 2019, plants had larger source ability using the normal solar radiation at the tillering stage, regardless of N application timings. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield and the highest percentage of undamaged grains under high air temperature condition during the early ripening stage. In 2020, plants did not have larger source ability due to the lower solar radiation at the tillering stage. Plants with applied N at the reproductive stage produced the highest grain yield but produced the highest percentage of green immature grains. These results mean that solar radiation at the tillering stage may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in dry direct broadcast seeded rice. Therefore, since plants grown under normal solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have large source ability, more N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to increase grain yield. In contrast, since plants grown under low solar radiation condition at the tillering stage may have small source ability, less N application at the reproductive stage may be recommended to decrease the occurrence of green immature grains. Grain yield increased by nitrogen (N) application at reproductive. Undamaged grains increased by N application at reproductive under high temperature at ripening. Immature green grains occurred by N application at reproductive under low solar radiation at tillering. Solar radiation at tillering was higher in 2019 than 2020, and grain yield was higher in 2019. Solar radiation at tillering may be important for increasing grain yield and quality in broadcast rice. |
| Author | Nakano, Hiroshi Tanaka, Ryo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ryo orcidid: 0000-0003-1035-9159 surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Ryo organization: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) – sequence: 2 givenname: Hiroshi orcidid: 0000-0002-0564-2550 surname: Nakano fullname: Nakano, Hiroshi email: nakanohr@affrc.go.jp organization: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) |
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Series A – ident: e_1_2_10_35_1 doi: 10.1626/jcs.70.186 – ident: e_1_2_10_29_1 doi: 10.1626/jcs.78.476 – ident: e_1_2_10_11_1 |
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| Snippet | In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field... In rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income. Field... Abstract In rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, dry direct seeding is one of the most essential technologies to reduce labor input and to increase net income.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Agricultural production Air temperature Carbohydrates Chlorophyll Crop yield direct seeding environment fertilizer rates Field tests Grain grain yield Herbicides High temperature income Japan Lodging Nitrogen Nutrient content Oryza sativa protein content Radiation Rice Ripening Seeding Seeds Solar radiation tillering Weather |
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| Title | Grain yield and quality responses to nitrogen application rate and timing in dry direct broadcast seeded rice under different weather conditions |
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