Force-Directed Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization
Graphs depicted as node‐link diagrams are widely used to show relationships between entities. However, node‐link diagrams comprised of a large number of nodes and edges often suffer from visual clutter. The use of edge bundling remedies this and reveals high‐level edge patterns. Previous methods req...
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| Published in: | Computer graphics forum Vol. 28; no. 3; pp. 983 - 990 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2009
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0167-7055, 1467-8659 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Graphs depicted as node‐link diagrams are widely used to show relationships between entities. However, node‐link diagrams comprised of a large number of nodes and edges often suffer from visual clutter. The use of edge bundling remedies this and reveals high‐level edge patterns. Previous methods require the graph to contain a hierarchy for this, or they construct a control mesh to guide the edge bundling process, which often results in bundles that show considerable variation in curvature along the overall bundle direction. We present a new edge bundling method that uses a self‐organizing approach to bundling in which edges are modeled as flexible springs that can attract each other. In contrast to previous methods, no hierarchy is used and no control mesh. The resulting bundled graphs show significant clutter reduction and clearly visible high‐level edge patterns. Curvature variation is furthermore minimized, resulting in smooth bundles that are easy to follow. Finally, we present a rendering technique that can be used to emphasize the bundling. |
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| AbstractList | Graphs depicted as node‐link diagrams are widely used to show relationships between entities. However, node‐link diagrams comprised of a large number of nodes and edges often suffer from visual clutter. The use of edge bundling remedies this and reveals high‐level edge patterns. Previous methods require the graph to contain a hierarchy for this, or they construct a control mesh to guide the edge bundling process, which often results in bundles that show considerable variation in curvature along the overall bundle direction. We present a new edge bundling method that uses a self‐organizing approach to bundling in which edges are modeled as flexible springs that can attract each other. In contrast to previous methods, no hierarchy is used and no control mesh. The resulting bundled graphs show significant clutter reduction and clearly visible high‐level edge patterns. Curvature variation is furthermore minimized, resulting in smooth bundles that are easy to follow. Finally, we present a rendering technique that can be used to emphasize the bundling. Graphs depicted as node-link diagrams are widely used to show relationships between entities. However, node-link diagrams comprised of a large number of nodes and edges often suffer from visual clutter. The use of edge bundling remedies this and reveals high-level edge patterns. Previous methods require the graph to contain a hierarchy for this, or they construct a control mesh to guide the edge bundling process, which often results in bundles that show considerable variation in curvature along the overall bundle direction. We present a new edge bundling method that uses a self-organizing approach to bundling in which edges are modeled as flexible springs that can attract each other. In contrast to previous methods, no hierarchy is used and no control mesh. The resulting bundled graphs show significant clutter reduction and clearly visible high-level edge patterns. Curvature variation is furthermore minimized, resulting in smooth bundles that are easy to follow. Finally, we present a rendering technique that can be used to emphasize the bundling. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Van Wijk, Jarke J. Holten, Danny |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Danny surname: Holten fullname: Holten, Danny organization: Eindhoven University of Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Jarke J. surname: Van Wijk fullname: Van Wijk, Jarke J. organization: Eindhoven University of Technology |
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| References_xml | – reference: Harel D., Koren Y.: A Fast Multi-Scale Method for Drawing Large Graphs. Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications 6, 3 (2002), 179-202. – reference: Ellis G., Dix A.: A Taxonomy of Clutter Reduction for Information Visualisation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 13, 6 (2007), 1216-1223. – reference: Herman I., Melançon G., Marshall M. S.: Graph Visualization and Navigation in Information Visualization: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 6, 1 (2000), 24-43. – reference: Kamada T., Kawai S.: An Algorithm for Drawing General Undirected Graphs. Information Processing Letters 31, 1 (1989), 7-15. – reference: Cui W., Zhou H., Qu H., Wong P. C., Li X.: Geometry-Based Edge Clustering for Graph Visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. of INFOVIS'08) 14, 6 (2008), 1277-1284. – reference: Becker R. A., Eick S. G., Wilks A. R.: Visualizing Network Data. 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Software - Practice and Experience 21, 11 (1991), 1129-1164. – reference: Koren Y., Carmel L., Harel D.: Drawing Huge Graphs by Algebraic Multigrid Optimization. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation 1, 4 (2003), 645-673. – volume: 6 start-page: 24 issue: 1 year: 2000 end-page: 43 article-title: Graph Visualization and Navigation in Information Visualization: A Survey publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics – volume: 12 start-page: 741 issue: 5 year: 2006 end-page: 748 article-title: Hierarchical Edge Bundles: Visualization of Adjacency Relations in Hierarchical Data publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. of INFOVIS'06) – volume: 13 start-page: 1310 issue: 6 year: 2007 end-page: 1319 article-title: Multi‐Level Graph Layout on the GPU publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics – year: 2001 – start-page: 239 year: 2004 end-page: 250 – start-page: 51 year: 2005 end-page: 52 – start-page: 1 year: 2003 end-page: 12 – volume: 1 start-page: 16 issue: 1 year: 1995 end-page: 28 article-title: Visualizing Network Data publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics – volume: 1 start-page: 645 issue: 4 year: 2003 end-page: 673 article-title: Drawing Huge Graphs by Algebraic Multigrid Optimization publication-title: Multiscale Modeling and Simulation – start-page: 17 year: 2004 end-page: 24 – volume: 31 start-page: 7 issue: 1 year: 1989 end-page: 15 article-title: An Algorithm for Drawing General Undirected Graphs publication-title: Information Processing Letters – volume: 14 start-page: 1277 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1284 article-title: Geometry‐Based Edge Clustering for Graph Visualization publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. of INFOVIS'08) – start-page: 55 year: 2008 end-page: 62 – volume: 13 start-page: 1216 issue: 6 year: 2007 end-page: 1223 article-title: A Taxonomy of Clutter Reduction for Information Visualisation publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics – volume: 324 start-page: 446 issue: 4 year: 1986 end-page: 449 article-title: A Hierarchical O(N log N) Force‐Calculation Algorithm publication-title: Nature – volume: 21 start-page: 1129 issue: 11 year: 1991 end-page: 1164 article-title: Graph Drawing by Force‐Directed Placement publication-title: Software - Practice and Experience – volume: 6 start-page: 179 issue: 3 year: 2002 end-page: 202 article-title: A Fast Multi‐Scale Method for Drawing Large Graphs publication-title: Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications – start-page: 113 year: 1996 end-page: 128 – start-page: 51 year: 2003 end-page: 58 – year: 1997 – start-page: 386 year: 2006 end-page: 398 – start-page: 399 year: 2006 end-page: 404 – start-page: 227 year: 2003 end-page: 232 – start-page: 219 year: 2005 end-page: 224 – year: 1999 – start-page: 8 year: 2007 end-page: 19 – ident: e_1_2_8_5_2 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2008.135 – ident: e_1_2_8_9_2 doi: 10.1007/3-540-62495-3_42 – volume: 324 start-page: 446 issue: 4 year: 1986 ident: e_1_2_8_4_2 article-title: A Hierarchical O(N log N) Force‐Calculation Algorithm publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/324446a0 – ident: e_1_2_8_12_2 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70580 – ident: e_1_2_8_15_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-31843-9_25 – ident: e_1_2_8_20_2 doi: 10.1016/0020-0190(89)90102-6 – ident: e_1_2_8_21_2 doi: 10.1007/3-540-44969-8 – ident: e_1_2_8_23_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-70904-6_38 – ident: e_1_2_8_24_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_7_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-70904-6_3 – ident: e_1_2_8_17_2 doi: 10.1109/2945.841119 – ident: e_1_2_8_11_2 doi: 10.1002/spe.4380211102 – ident: e_1_2_8_26_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_18_2 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2006.147 – volume-title: Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_8_2_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_27_2 doi: 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475459 – ident: e_1_2_8_25_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_3_2 doi: 10.1109/2945.468391 – ident: e_1_2_8_22_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_16_2 doi: 10.7155/jgaa.00051 – ident: e_1_2_8_14_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-70904-6_37 – ident: e_1_2_8_19_2 doi: 10.1137/S154034590241370X – ident: e_1_2_8_13_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_8_2 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70535 – ident: e_1_2_8_10_2 – ident: e_1_2_8_6_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24595-7_1 |
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| Title | Force-Directed Edge Bundling for Graph Visualization |
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