Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils

SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19....

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Published in:Cell death and differentiation Vol. 28; no. 11; pp. 3125 - 3139
Main Authors: Ackermann, Maximilian, Anders, Hans-Joachim, Bilyy, Rostyslav, Bowlin, Gary L, Daniel, Christoph, De Lorenzo, Rebecca, Egeblad, Mikala, Henneck, Timo, Hidalgo, Andrés, Hoffmann, Markus, Hohberger, Bettina, Kanthi, Yogendra, Kaplan, Mariana J, Knight, Jason S, Knopf, Jasmin, Kolaczkowska, Elzbieta, Kubes, Paul, Leppkes, Moritz, Mahajan, Aparna, Manfredi, Angelo A, Maueröder, Christian, Maugeri, Norma, Mitroulis, Ioannis, Muñoz, Luis E, Narasaraju, Teluguakula, Naschberger, Elisabeth, Neeli, Indira, Ng, Lai Guan, Radic, Marko Z, Ritis, Konstantinos, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Schapher, Mirco, Schauer, Christine, Simon, Hans-Uwe, Singh, Jeeshan, Skendros, Panagiotis, Stark, Konstantin, Stürzl, Michael, van der Vlag, Johan, Vandenabeele, Peter, Vitkov, Ljubomir, von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren, Yanginlar, Cansu, Yousefi, Shida, Zarbock, Alexander, Schett, Georg, Herrmann, Martin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.11.2021
Subjects:
Adaptive immunity
Citrullination
Complement Activation
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - pathology
Extracellular Traps - metabolism
Humans
Immune response
Inflammatory diseases
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Neutrophils
Neutrophils - immunology
Neutrophils - metabolism
Pandemics
Patients
Platelet Activation
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Thrombosis - etiology
ISSN:1350-9047, 1476-5403, 1476-5403
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence implicates neutrophils and the disbalance between neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammation, coagulopathy, organ damage, and immunothrombosis that characterize severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting a role for NETs in COVID-19 manifestations and present putative mechanisms, by which NETs promote tissue injury and immunothrombosis. We present therapeutic strategies, which have been successful in the treatment of immunο-inflammatory disorders and which target dysregulated NET formation or degradation, as potential approaches that may benefit patients with severe COVID-19.
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ISSN:1350-9047
1476-5403
1476-5403
DOI:10.1038/s41418-021-00805-z