The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation

Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical an...

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Vydáno v:	Nature reviews. Microbiology Ročník 20; číslo 10; s. 608 - 620
Hlavní autoři:	Sauer, Karin, Stoodley, Paul, Goeres, Darla M., Hall-Stoodley, Luanne, Burmølle, Mette, Stewart, Philip S., Bjarnsholt, Thomas
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.10.2022 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	631/326/2565/107 631/326/421 631/326/46 Animals Bacteria Biofilms Biomedical and Life Sciences Disaggregation Infectious Diseases Life Cycle Stages Life cycles Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Microbiology Microenvironments Parasitology Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology Review Article Virology
ISSN:	1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
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Abstract	Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation. In this Review, Bjarnsholt and colleagues propose a revised conceptual model of the biofilm life cycle that encompasses the three major steps of biofilm formation — aggregation, growth and disaggregation — independently of surfaces, and initiation from single-cell planktonic bacteria, and thus represents a broader range of biofilm systems.
AbstractList	Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation. In this Review, Bjarnsholt and colleagues propose a revised conceptual model of the biofilm life cycle that encompasses the three major steps of biofilm formation — aggregation, growth and disaggregation — independently of surfaces, and initiation from single-cell planktonic bacteria, and thus represents a broader range of biofilm systems. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface attached bacteria. Biofilms are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure that is a characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in in vivo in clinical, industrial settings and in the environment where biofilms often are observed as non-surface attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the rationale behind the 5-step model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing understanding of biofilms and antibiofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.In this Review, Bjarnsholt and colleagues propose a revised conceptual model of the biofilm life cycle that encompasses the three major steps of biofilm formation — aggregation, growth and disaggregation — independently of surfaces, and initiation from single-cell planktonic bacteria, and thus represents a broader range of biofilm systems. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.
Author	Bjarnsholt, Thomas Stoodley, Paul Goeres, Darla M. Stewart, Philip S. Sauer, Karin Burmølle, Mette Hall-Stoodley, Luanne
AuthorAffiliation	1. Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA 6. National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK 3. Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 7. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University 5. Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 4. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 2. Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA 8. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 9. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 10. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhag
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA – name: 2. Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA – name: 5. Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA – name: 7. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University – name: 3. Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA – name: 8. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark – name: 6. National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK – name: 4. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA – name: 10. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark – name: 9. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Karin orcidid: 0000-0002-1177-6328 surname: Sauer fullname: Sauer, Karin organization: Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul orcidid: 0000-0001-6069-273X surname: Stoodley fullname: Stoodley, Paul organization: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton – sequence: 3 givenname: Darla M. orcidid: 0000-0002-6320-9616 surname: Goeres fullname: Goeres, Darla M. organization: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University – sequence: 4 givenname: Luanne orcidid: 0000-0003-2531-4797 surname: Hall-Stoodley fullname: Hall-Stoodley, Luanne organization: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University – sequence: 5 givenname: Mette orcidid: 0000-0003-1870-632X surname: Burmølle fullname: Burmølle, Mette organization: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen – sequence: 6 givenname: Philip S. orcidid: 0000-0001-7773-8570 surname: Stewart fullname: Stewart, Philip S. organization: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas orcidid: 0000-0002-8003-7414 surname: Bjarnsholt fullname: Bjarnsholt, Thomas email: tbjarnsholt@sund.ku.dk organization: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35922483$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure... Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface attached bacteria. Biofilms are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure that...
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SubjectTerms	631/326/2565/107 631/326/421 631/326/46 Animals Bacteria Biofilms Biomedical and Life Sciences Disaggregation Infectious Diseases Life Cycle Stages Life cycles Life Sciences Medical Microbiology Microbiology Microenvironments Parasitology Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology Review Article Virology
Title	The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation
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