The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation

Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature reviews. Microbiology Jg. 20; H. 10; S. 608 - 620
Hauptverfasser:	Sauer, Karin, Stoodley, Paul, Goeres, Darla M, Hall-Stoodley, Luanne, Burmølle, Mette, Stewart, Philip S, Bjarnsholt, Thomas
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England Nature Publishing Group 01.10.2022
Schlagworte:	Animals Bacteria Biofilms Disaggregation Life Cycle Stages Life cycles Microenvironments Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology
ISSN:	1740-1526, 1740-1534, 1740-1534
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.
AbstractList	Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.In this Review, Bjarnsholt and colleagues propose a revised conceptual model of the biofilm life cycle that encompasses the three major steps of biofilm formation — aggregation, growth and disaggregation — independently of surfaces, and initiation from single-cell planktonic bacteria, and thus represents a broader range of biofilm systems. Bacterial biofilms are often defined as communities of surface-attached bacteria and are typically depicted with a classic mushroom-shaped structure characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has become evident that this is not how all biofilms develop, especially in vivo, in clinical and industrial settings, and in the environment, where biofilms often are observed as non-surface-attached aggregates. In this Review, we describe the origin of the current five-step biofilm development model and why it fails to capture many aspects of bacterial biofilm physiology. We aim to present a simplistic developmental model for biofilm formation that is flexible enough to include all the diverse scenarios and microenvironments where biofilms are formed. With this new expanded, inclusive model, we hereby introduce a common platform for developing an understanding of biofilms and anti-biofilm strategies that can be tailored to the microenvironment under investigation.
Author	Bjarnsholt, Thomas Stewart, Philip S Stoodley, Paul Goeres, Darla M Sauer, Karin Burmølle, Mette Hall-Stoodley, Luanne
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Karin orcidid: 0000-0002-1177-6328 surname: Sauer fullname: Sauer, Karin organization: Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Paul orcidid: 0000-0001-6069-273X surname: Stoodley fullname: Stoodley, Paul organization: National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Darla M orcidid: 0000-0002-6320-9616 surname: Goeres fullname: Goeres, Darla M organization: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Luanne orcidid: 0000-0003-2531-4797 surname: Hall-Stoodley fullname: Hall-Stoodley, Luanne organization: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Mette orcidid: 0000-0003-1870-632X surname: Burmølle fullname: Burmølle, Mette organization: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 6 givenname: Philip S orcidid: 0000-0001-7773-8570 surname: Stewart fullname: Stewart, Philip S organization: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas orcidid: 0000-0002-8003-7414 surname: Bjarnsholt fullname: Bjarnsholt, Thomas email: tbjarnsholt@sund.ku.dk, tbjarnsholt@sund.ku.dk organization: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. tbjarnsholt@sund.ku.dk
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35922483$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SubjectTerms	Animals Bacteria Biofilms Disaggregation Life Cycle Stages Life cycles Microenvironments Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa - physiology
Title	The biofilm life cycle: expanding the conceptual model of biofilm formation
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