Strong electron–phonon coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 – 13 . However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Nature (London) Jg. 636; H. 8042; S. 342 - 347
Hauptverfasser:	Chen, Cheng, Nuckolls, Kevin P., Ding, Shuhan, Miao, Wangqian, Wong, Dillon, Oh, Myungchul, Lee, Ryan L., He, Shanmei, Peng, Cheng, Pei, Ding, Li, Yiwei, Hao, Chenyue, Yan, Haoran, Xiao, Hanbo, Gao, Han, Li, Qiao, Zhang, Shihao, Liu, Jianpeng, He, Lin, Watanabe, Kenji, Taniguchi, Takashi, Jozwiak, Chris, Bostwick, Aaron, Rotenberg, Eli, Li, Chu, Han, Xu, Pan, Ding, Liu, Zhongkai, Dai, Xi, Liu, Chaoxing, Bernevig, B. Andrei, Wang, Yao, Yazdani, Ali, Chen, Yulin
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 12.12.2024 Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:	140/146 639/301/357/918/1052 639/766/119/1003 639/766/119/995 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY Electronic properties and devices Electronic properties and materials Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary) Superconducting properties and materials
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract	The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 – 13 . However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 – 24 , the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate 11 . These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene.
AbstractList	The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest. However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms, the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate. These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1–13 . However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms 14–24 , the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate 11 . These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1-13. However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms14-24, the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate11. These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron-boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron-phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived.The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1-13. However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms14-24, the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate11. These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron-boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron-phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 – 13 . However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 – 24 , the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate 11 . These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene. The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest . However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms , the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate . These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron-boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron-phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1–13. However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms14–24, the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate11. These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of superconducting magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene reveals flat-band replicas that are indicative of strong electron–phonon coupling; these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene.
Author	Zhang, Shihao Yan, Haoran Taniguchi, Takashi Rotenberg, Eli Bernevig, B. Andrei Nuckolls, Kevin P. Li, Yiwei Yazdani, Ali Liu, Chaoxing Chen, Yulin Wang, Yao Lee, Ryan L. He, Lin Pan, Ding Chen, Cheng Bostwick, Aaron Li, Chu He, Shanmei Ding, Shuhan Liu, Jianpeng Pei, Ding Hao, Chenyue Jozwiak, Chris Han, Xu Xiao, Hanbo Li, Qiao Oh, Myungchul Liu, Zhongkai Wong, Dillon Miao, Wangqian Peng, Cheng Dai, Xi Gao, Han Watanabe, Kenji
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Cheng surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Cheng organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Department of Physics, University of Oxford – sequence: 2 givenname: Kevin P. orcidid: 0000-0002-1078-7113 surname: Nuckolls fullname: Nuckolls, Kevin P. organization: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Shuhan surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Shuhan organization: Department of Chemistry, Emory University – sequence: 4 givenname: Wangqian surname: Miao fullname: Miao, Wangqian organization: Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara – sequence: 5 givenname: Dillon surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Dillon organization: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton University – sequence: 6 givenname: Myungchul orcidid: 0000-0003-0477-1390 surname: Oh fullname: Oh, Myungchul organization: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) – sequence: 7 givenname: Ryan L. surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Ryan L. organization: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton University – sequence: 8 givenname: Shanmei surname: He fullname: He, Shanmei organization: Department of Physics, University of Oxford – sequence: 9 givenname: Cheng orcidid: 0009-0006-3433-1467 surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Cheng organization: Department of Physics, University of Oxford – sequence: 10 givenname: Ding surname: Pei fullname: Pei, Ding organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 11 givenname: Yiwei surname: Li fullname: Li, Yiwei organization: Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University – sequence: 12 givenname: Chenyue surname: Hao fullname: Hao, Chenyue organization: Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University – sequence: 13 givenname: Haoran surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Haoran organization: Department of Chemistry, Emory University – sequence: 14 givenname: Hanbo orcidid: 0000-0001-8247-3378 surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Hanbo organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 15 givenname: Han surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Han organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 16 givenname: Qiao surname: Li fullname: Li, Qiao organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 17 givenname: Shihao orcidid: 0000-0002-5787-5022 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Shihao organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 18 givenname: Jianpeng orcidid: 0000-0002-8564-0415 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jianpeng organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 19 givenname: Lin orcidid: 0000-0001-5251-1687 surname: He fullname: He, Lin organization: Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University – sequence: 20 givenname: Kenji orcidid: 0000-0003-3701-8119 surname: Watanabe fullname: Watanabe, Kenji organization: Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science – sequence: 21 givenname: Takashi orcidid: 0000-0002-1467-3105 surname: Taniguchi fullname: Taniguchi, Takashi organization: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science – sequence: 22 givenname: Chris orcidid: 0000-0002-0980-3753 surname: Jozwiak fullname: Jozwiak, Chris organization: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 23 givenname: Aaron orcidid: 0000-0002-9008-2980 surname: Bostwick fullname: Bostwick, Aaron organization: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 24 givenname: Eli orcidid: 0000-0002-3979-8844 surname: Rotenberg fullname: Rotenberg, Eli organization: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory – sequence: 25 givenname: Chu orcidid: 0000-0003-2441-2205 surname: Li fullname: Li, Chu organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 26 givenname: Xu orcidid: 0000-0001-6116-3258 surname: Han fullname: Han, Xu organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 27 givenname: Ding orcidid: 0000-0002-2353-0130 surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Ding organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 28 givenname: Zhongkai orcidid: 0000-0003-3373-8039 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Zhongkai organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University – sequence: 29 givenname: Xi orcidid: 0000-0002-2396-0966 surname: Dai fullname: Dai, Xi organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 30 givenname: Chaoxing orcidid: 0000-0003-1881-1365 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Chaoxing organization: Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University – sequence: 31 givenname: B. Andrei orcidid: 0000-0001-6337-4024 surname: Bernevig fullname: Bernevig, B. Andrei organization: Department of Physics, Princeton University, Donostia International Physics Center, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science – sequence: 32 givenname: Yao orcidid: 0000-0003-1736-0187 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yao email: yao.wang@emory.edu organization: Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University – sequence: 33 givenname: Ali orcidid: 0000-0003-4996-8904 surname: Yazdani fullname: Yazdani, Ali organization: Joseph Henry Laboratories, Princeton University, Department of Physics, Princeton University – sequence: 34 givenname: Yulin orcidid: 0000-0001-8960-9725 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yulin email: yulin.chen@physics.ox.ac.uk organization: Laboratory for Topological Physics and School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Department of Physics, University of Oxford
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39663492$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2499452$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project ARO MURI Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China ONR Simons Investigator Grant USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF) SC0016239; AC02-05CH11231; SC0024524; FG02-07ER46419 National Natural Science Foundation of China National Science Foundation (NSF) European Research Council (ERC) National Key R&D program of China Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s EPiQS initiative
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Snippet	The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ,... The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest 1–13 . However, despite... The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest . However, despite the... The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1-13. However, despite... The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest. However, despite the... The unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1–13. However, despite...
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SubjectTerms	140/146 639/301/357/918/1052 639/766/119/1003 639/766/119/995 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY Electronic properties and devices Electronic properties and materials Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary) Superconducting properties and materials
Title	Strong electron–phonon coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
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