Modelling the relationship between liquid water content and cloud droplet number concentration observed in low clouds in the summer Arctic and its radiative effects
Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of Resolute Bay, Canada, co...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Atmospheric chemistry and physics Jg. 20; H. 1; S. 29 - 43 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Katlenburg-Lindau
Copernicus GmbH
02.01.2020
Copernicus Publications |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7324, 1680-7316, 1680-7324 |
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| Abstract | Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important
consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear
relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number
concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of
Resolute Bay, Canada, conducted as part of the Network on Climate and
Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments study
in July 2014. Using a single-column model, we find that autoconversion can
explain the observed linear relationship between LWC and CDNC. Of the three
autoconversion schemes we examined, the scheme using continuous drizzle
(Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000) appears to best reproduce the observed
linearity in the tenuous cloud regime (Mauritsen et al., 2011), while a
scheme with a threshold for rain (Liu and Daum, 2004) best reproduces the
linearity at higher CDNC. An offline version of the radiative transfer model
used in the Canadian Atmospheric Model version 4.3 is used to compare the
radiative effects of the modelled and observed clouds. We find that there is
no significant difference in the upward longwave cloud radiative effect at
the top of the atmosphere from the three autoconversion schemes (p=0.05)
but that all three schemes differ at p=0.05 from the calculations based on
observations. In contrast, the downward longwave and shortwave cloud
radiative effect at the surface for the Wood (2005b) and Khairoutdinov and Kogan (2000) schemes do not differ
significantly (p=0.05) from the observation-based radiative calculations,
while the Liu and Daum (2004) scheme differs significantly from the observation-based
calculation for the downward shortwave but not the downward longwave fluxes. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of Resolute Bay, Canada, conducted as part of the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments study in July 2014. Using a single-column model, we find that autoconversion can explain the observed linear relationship between LWC and CDNC. Of the three autoconversion schemes we examined, the scheme using continuous drizzle (Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000) appears to best reproduce the observed linearity in the tenuous cloud regime (Mauritsen et al., 2011), while a scheme with a threshold for rain (Liu and Daum, 2004) best reproduces the linearity at higher CDNC. An offline version of the radiative transfer model used in the Canadian Atmospheric Model version 4.3 is used to compare the radiative effects of the modelled and observed clouds. We find that there is no significant difference in the upward longwave cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere from the three autoconversion schemes ( p=0.05 ) but that all three schemes differ at p=0.05 from the calculations based on observations. In contrast, the downward longwave and shortwave cloud radiative effect at the surface for the Wood (2005b) and Khairoutdinov and Kogan (2000) schemes do not differ significantly ( p=0.05 ) from the observation-based radiative calculations, while the Liu and Daum (2004) scheme differs significantly from the observation-based calculation for the downward shortwave but not the downward longwave fluxes. Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of Resolute Bay, Canada, conducted as part of the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments study in July 2014. Using a single-column model, we find that autoconversion can explain the observed linear relationship between LWC and CDNC. Of the three autoconversion schemes we examined, the scheme using continuous drizzle (Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000) appears to best reproduce the observed linearity in the tenuous cloud regime (Mauritsen et al., 2011), while a scheme with a threshold for rain (Liu and Daum, 2004) best reproduces the linearity at higher CDNC. An offline version of the radiative transfer model used in the Canadian Atmospheric Model version 4.3 is used to compare the radiative effects of the modelled and observed clouds. We find that there is no significant difference in the upward longwave cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere from the three autoconversion schemes (p=0.05) but that all three schemes differ at p=0.05 from the calculations based on observations. In contrast, the downward longwave and shortwave cloud radiative effect at the surface for the Wood (2005b) and Khairoutdinov and Kogan (2000) schemes do not differ significantly (p=0.05) from the observation-based radiative calculations, while the Liu and Daum (2004) scheme differs significantly from the observation-based calculation for the downward shortwave but not the downward longwave fluxes. Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear relationship between liquid water content (LWC) and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) observed during an aircraft campaign based out of Resolute Bay, Canada, conducted as part of the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments study in July 2014. Using a single-column model, we find that autoconversion can explain the observed linear relationship between LWC and CDNC. Of the three autoconversion schemes we examined, the scheme using continuous drizzle (Khairoutdinov and Kogan, 2000) appears to best reproduce the observed linearity in the tenuous cloud regime (Mauritsen et al., 2011), while a scheme with a threshold for rain (Liu and Daum, 2004) best reproduces the linearity at higher CDNC. An offline version of the radiative transfer model used in the Canadian Atmospheric Model version 4.3 is used to compare the radiative effects of the modelled and observed clouds. We find that there is no significant difference in the upward longwave cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere from the three autoconversion schemes (p=0.05) but that all three schemes differ at p=0.05 from the calculations based on observations. In contrast, the downward longwave and shortwave cloud radiative effect at the surface for the Wood (2005b) and Khairoutdinov and Kogan (2000) schemes do not differ significantly (p=0.05) from the observation-based radiative calculations, while the Liu and Daum (2004) scheme differs significantly from the observation-based calculation for the downward shortwave but not the downward longwave fluxes. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | von Salzen, Knut Cole, Jason Lesins, Glen Folkins, Ian Dionne, Joelle Mahmood, Rashed Chang, Rachel Y.-W. Leaitch, W. Richard |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joelle surname: Dionne fullname: Dionne, Joelle – sequence: 2 givenname: Knut orcidid: 0000-0002-2991-6181 surname: von Salzen fullname: von Salzen, Knut – sequence: 3 givenname: Jason orcidid: 0000-0003-0450-2748 surname: Cole fullname: Cole, Jason – sequence: 4 givenname: Rashed orcidid: 0000-0002-3583-2232 surname: Mahmood fullname: Mahmood, Rashed – sequence: 5 givenname: W. Richard surname: Leaitch fullname: Leaitch, W. Richard – sequence: 6 givenname: Glen surname: Lesins fullname: Lesins, Glen – sequence: 7 givenname: Ian surname: Folkins fullname: Folkins, Ian – sequence: 8 givenname: Rachel Y.-W. orcidid: 0000-0003-2337-098X surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Rachel Y.-W. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1029_2023JD039159 crossref_primary_10_1109_TGRS_2024_3416493 crossref_primary_10_5194_acp_23_2483_2023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosres_2021_105859 crossref_primary_10_5194_acp_24_4157_2024 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2022_159938 |
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| Snippet | Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important
consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear
relationship between liquid... Low clouds persist in the summer Arctic with important consequences for the radiation budget. In this study, we simulate the linear relationship between liquid... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aerosols Airborne observation Aircraft Analysis Arctic clouds Atmospheric models Atmospheric water Budgets Climate Cloud droplet concentration Clouds Clouds (Meteorology) Computer simulation Drizzle Droplets Fluxes Linearity Low clouds Meteorological satellites Moisture content Polar environments Radiation Radiation (Physics) Radiation budget Radiative transfer Short wave radiation Summer Water Water content |
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| Title | Modelling the relationship between liquid water content and cloud droplet number concentration observed in low clouds in the summer Arctic and its radiative effects |
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