Human organs-on-chips for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine

The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) microfluidic devices lined with living cells cultured under fluid flow can recapitulate organ-level physiology and path...

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Vydané v:Nature reviews. Genetics Ročník 23; číslo 8; s. 467 - 491
Hlavný autor: Ingber, Donald E.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.08.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:
631/1647/767
631/532
631/61
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animal models
Animals
Biochips
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Drug Development
Fluid flow
Gene Function
Genetic disorders
Human Genetics
Humans
Lab-On-A-Chip Devices
Microbiomes
Microfluidics
Pathophysiology
Pharmaceutical industry
Physiology
Precision Medicine
Rare Diseases
Review
Review Article
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
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Popis
Shrnutí:The failure of animal models to predict therapeutic responses in humans is a major problem that also brings into question their use for basic research. Organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) microfluidic devices lined with living cells cultured under fluid flow can recapitulate organ-level physiology and pathophysiology with high fidelity. Here, I review how single and multiple human organ chip systems have been used to model complex diseases and rare genetic disorders, to study host–microbiome interactions, to recapitulate whole-body inter-organ physiology and to reproduce human clinical responses to drugs, radiation, toxins and infectious pathogens. I also address the challenges that must be overcome for organ chips to be accepted by the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies, as well as discuss recent advances in the field. It is evident that the use of human organ chips instead of animal models for drug development and as living avatars for personalized medicine is ever closer to realization. This Review discusses the types of single and multiple human organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) microfluidic devices and their diverse applications for disease modelling, drug development and personalized medicine, as well as the challenges that must be overcome for organ chips to reach their full potential.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-022-00466-9