MicroRNA sequence codes for small extracellular vesicle release and cellular retention

Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression 1 – 3 . However, the mechanism by which miRNA...

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Published in:Nature (London) Vol. 601; no. 7893; pp. 446 - 451
Main Authors: Garcia-Martin, Ruben, Wang, Guoxiao, Brandão, Bruna B., Zanotto, Tamires M., Shah, Samah, Kumar Patel, Sandip, Schilling, Birgit, Kahn, C. Ronald
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.01.2022
Nature Publishing Group
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ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Abstract Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression 1 – 3 . However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies. MicroRNAs encode sorting sequences that determine whether they are secreted in exosomal vesicles to regulate gene expression in distant cells or retained in cells that produced them, with different sequences used by individual cell types.
AbstractList Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression . However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression1-3. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/ sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion ofthese CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression1-3. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression1-3. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.
Exosomes/small extracellular vesicles (sEV) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which miRNAs produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can lead to changes in gene expression1–3. However, the mechanism by which miRNAs get sorted into exosomes/sEV or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their sEV secretion or cellular retention and that different cell-types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell-type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs into a miRNA increases or decreases their retention in the cell of production or secretion into sEV/exosomes. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights in linking circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissue-of-origin, it also provides an approach to improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies.
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released from one cell are taken up by cells at a distance where they can enact changes in gene expression 1 – 3 . However, the mechanism by which miRNAs are sorted into exosomes/sEVs or retained in cells remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs possess sorting sequences that determine their secretion in sEVs (EXOmotifs) or cellular retention (CELLmotifs) and that different cell types, including white and brown adipocytes, endothelium, liver and muscle, make preferential use of specific sorting sequences, thus defining the sEV miRNA profile of that cell type. Insertion or deletion of these CELLmotifs or EXOmotifs in a miRNA increases or decreases retention in the cell of production or secretion into exosomes/sEVs. Two RNA-binding proteins, Alyref and Fus, are involved in the export of miRNAs carrying one of the strongest EXOmotifs, CGGGAG. Increased miRNA delivery mediated by EXOmotifs leads to enhanced inhibition of target genes in distant cells. Thus, this miRNA code not only provides important insights that link circulating exosomal miRNAs to tissues of origin, but also provides an approach for improved targeting in RNA-mediated therapies. MicroRNAs encode sorting sequences that determine whether they are secreted in exosomal vesicles to regulate gene expression in distant cells or retained in cells that produced them, with different sequences used by individual cell types.
Author Zanotto, Tamires M.
Garcia-Martin, Ruben
Shah, Samah
Schilling, Birgit
Brandão, Bruna B.
Kumar Patel, Sandip
Kahn, C. Ronald
Wang, Guoxiao
AuthorAffiliation 1 Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
2 The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, USA
– name: 1 Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ruben
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2049-4960
  surname: Garcia-Martin
  fullname: Garcia-Martin, Ruben
  organization: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Guoxiao
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Guoxiao
  organization: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Bruna B.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8762-6310
  surname: Brandão
  fullname: Brandão, Bruna B.
  organization: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tamires M.
  surname: Zanotto
  fullname: Zanotto, Tamires M.
  organization: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Samah
  surname: Shah
  fullname: Shah, Samah
  organization: The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Sandip
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0651-4438
  surname: Kumar Patel
  fullname: Kumar Patel, Sandip
  organization: The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Birgit
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9907-2749
  surname: Schilling
  fullname: Schilling, Birgit
  organization: The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
– sequence: 8
  givenname: C. Ronald
  orcidid: 0000-0002-7583-9228
  surname: Kahn
  fullname: Kahn, C. Ronald
  email: c.ronald.kahn@joslin.harvard.edu
  organization: Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34937935$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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RGM designed research, performed experiments and analyzed the data shown in Fig. 1–4 and Extended Data Fig. 1–10, and wrote the manuscript. GW helped with vector generations for miRNA overexpression shown in Fig. 3a–f and Extended Data Fig. 7–9. BBB helped with size exclusion chromatography experiments shown in Extended Data Fig. 6. TMZ helped with analysis of miRNA profiling and motifs shown in Fig. 1 and 2. SS, SKP and BS performed the proteomic study and its analysis shown in Fig.3g–j and Extended Data Fig.10a–c. CRK designed the research, wrote the manuscript, and supervised the project.
Author contributions
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35364031 - Cell. 2022 Mar 31;185(7):1114-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.010
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Snippet Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released...
Exosomes and other small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which microRNAs (miRNAs) produced and released...
Exosomes/small extracellular vesicles (sEV) provide a unique mode of cell-to-cell communication in which miRNAs produced and released from one cell are taken...
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SubjectTerms 38/77
38/91
42/44
45/41
45/70
631/337/384/331
631/443/319
82/58
96/106
96/109
Adipocytes
Adipocytes - cytology
Cell Communication
Cell interactions
Clonal deletion
Endothelium
Endothelium - cytology
Exosomes
Exosomes - genetics
Exosomes - metabolism
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - genetics
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Gene expression
Humanities and Social Sciences
Insertion
Liver - cytology
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
miRNA
multidisciplinary
Muscles
Muscles - cytology
Retention
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA-binding protein
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Secretion
Title MicroRNA sequence codes for small extracellular vesicle release and cellular retention
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