Guidelines for the Acute Treatment of Cerebral Edema in Neurocritical Care Patients

Background Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lac...

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Veröffentlicht in:Neurocritical care Jg. 32; H. 3; S. 647 - 666
Hauptverfasser: Cook, Aaron M., Morgan Jones, G., Hawryluk, Gregory W. J., Mailloux, Patrick, McLaughlin, Diane, Papangelou, Alexander, Samuel, Sophie, Tokumaru, Sheri, Venkatasubramanian, Chitra, Zacko, Christopher, Zimmermann, Lara L., Hirsch, Karen, Shutter, Lori
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: New York Springer US 01.06.2020
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:1541-6933, 1556-0961, 1556-0961
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Abstract Background Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety. Methods The Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy. Results The panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion The available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.
AbstractList BackgroundAcute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety.MethodsThe Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy.ResultsThe panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy.ConclusionThe available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.
Background Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety. Methods The Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy. Results The panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion The available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.
Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety.BACKGROUNDAcute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety.The Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy.METHODSThe Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy.The panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy.RESULTSThe panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy.The available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.CONCLUSIONThe available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.
Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations regarding selection and monitoring of therapies for initial management of cerebral edema for optimal efficacy and safety are generally lacking. This guideline evaluates the role of hyperosmolar agents (mannitol, HTS), corticosteroids, and selected non-pharmacologic therapies in the acute treatment of cerebral edema. Clinicians must be able to select appropriate therapies for initial cerebral edema management based on available evidence while balancing efficacy and safety. The Neurocritical Care Society recruited experts in neurocritical care, nursing, and pharmacy to create a panel in 2017. The group generated 16 clinical questions related to initial management of cerebral edema in various neurological insults using the PICO format. A research librarian executed a comprehensive literature search through July 2018. The panel screened the identified articles for inclusion related to each specific PICO question and abstracted necessary information for pertinent publications. The panel used GRADE methodology to categorize the quality of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low based on their confidence that the findings of each publication approximate the true effect of the therapy. The panel generated recommendations regarding initial management of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and hepatic encephalopathy. The available evidence suggests hyperosmolar therapy may be helpful in reducing ICP elevations or cerebral edema in patients with SAH, TBI, AIS, ICH, and HE, although neurological outcomes do not appear to be affected. Corticosteroids appear to be helpful in reducing cerebral edema in patients with bacterial meningitis, but not ICH. Differences in therapeutic response and safety may exist between HTS and mannitol. The use of these agents in these critical clinical situations merits close monitoring for adverse effects. There is a dire need for high-quality research to better inform clinicians of the best options for individualized care of patients with cerebral edema.
Author McLaughlin, Diane
Cook, Aaron M.
Papangelou, Alexander
Morgan Jones, G.
Zimmermann, Lara L.
Tokumaru, Sheri
Hirsch, Karen
Mailloux, Patrick
Shutter, Lori
Hawryluk, Gregory W. J.
Venkatasubramanian, Chitra
Samuel, Sophie
Zacko, Christopher
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  surname: Cook
  fullname: Cook, Aaron M.
  email: amcook0@email.uky.edu
  organization: UK Healthcare, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
– sequence: 2
  givenname: G.
  surname: Morgan Jones
  fullname: Morgan Jones, G.
  organization: Methodist Le Bonheur Healthcare
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Gregory W. J.
  surname: Hawryluk
  fullname: Hawryluk, Gregory W. J.
  organization: University of Manitoba
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Patrick
  surname: Mailloux
  fullname: Mailloux, Patrick
  organization: Maine Medical Center
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Diane
  surname: McLaughlin
  fullname: McLaughlin, Diane
  organization: Ohio State University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alexander
  surname: Papangelou
  fullname: Papangelou, Alexander
  organization: Emory University Hospital
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Sophie
  surname: Samuel
  fullname: Samuel, Sophie
  organization: Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Sheri
  surname: Tokumaru
  fullname: Tokumaru, Sheri
  organization: The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy | University of Hawaii at Hilo
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Chitra
  surname: Venkatasubramanian
  fullname: Venkatasubramanian, Chitra
  organization: Stanford University Medical Center
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Christopher
  surname: Zacko
  fullname: Zacko, Christopher
  organization: Penn State University Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Lara L.
  surname: Zimmermann
  fullname: Zimmermann, Lara L.
  organization: University of California, Davis
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Karen
  surname: Hirsch
  fullname: Hirsch, Karen
  organization: Stanford University Medical Center
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Lori
  surname: Shutter
  fullname: Shutter, Lori
  organization: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32227294$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 3
Keywords Hypertonic
Intracranial pressure
Neurocritical care
Osmotherapy
Hyperventilation
Mannitol
Language English
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Snippet Background Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical...
Acute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical recommendations...
BackgroundAcute treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intracranial pressure is a common issue in patients with neurological injury. Practical...
SourceID pubmedcentral
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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StartPage 647
SubjectTerms Brain
Brain Edema - etiology
Brain Edema - therapy
Brain Injuries, Traumatic - complications
Cerebral Hemorrhage - complications
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts - methods
Critical Care
Critical Care Medicine
Diuretics, Osmotic - therapeutic use
Edema
Emergency Medical Services
Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use
Hepatic Encephalopathy - complications
Humans
Immunomodulators
Intensive
Internal Medicine
Intracranial Hypertension - etiology
Intracranial Hypertension - therapy
Intracranial pressure
Ischemic Stroke - complications
Librarians
Mannitol - therapeutic use
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Meningitis, Bacterial - complications
NCS Guideline
Neurology
Observational studies
Patient Positioning - methods
Saline Solution, Hypertonic - therapeutic use
Societies, Medical
Sodium
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - complications
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Title Guidelines for the Acute Treatment of Cerebral Edema in Neurocritical Care Patients
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