Intrinsic Defects in B Cell Development and Differentiation, T Cell Exhaustion and Altered Unconventional T Cell Generation Characterize Human Adenosine Deaminase Type 2 Deficiency

Purpose Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2 . Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobul...

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Published in:Journal of clinical immunology Vol. 41; no. 8; pp. 1915 - 1935
Main Authors: Yap, Jin Yan, Moens, Leen, Lin, Ming-Wei, Kane, Alisa, Kelleher, Anthony, Toong, Catherine, Wu, Kathy H.C., Sewell, William A., Phan, Tri Giang, Hollway, Georgina E., Enthoven, Karen, Gray, Paul E., Casas-Martin, Jose, Wouters, Carine, De Somer, Lien, Hershfield, Michael, Bucciol, Giorgia, Delafontaine, Selket, Ma, Cindy S., Tangye, Stuart G., Meyts, Isabelle
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01.11.2021
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN:0271-9142, 1573-2592, 1573-2592
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Abstract Purpose Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2 . Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes. Methods In-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls. Results The median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1–44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8 + T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2 + γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56 brigh t immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients. Conclusion Extended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.
AbstractList Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes. In-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls. The median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1-44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4 and CD8 memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8 T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2 γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56 immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients. Extended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes.PURPOSEDeficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes.In-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls.METHODSIn-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls.The median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1-44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8+ T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2+ γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56bright immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients.RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1-44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8+ T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2+ γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56bright immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients.Extended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.CONCLUSIONExtended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.
PurposeDeficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes.MethodsIn-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls.ResultsThe median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1–44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8+ T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2+ γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56bright immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients.ConclusionExtended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.
Purpose Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2 . Clinical manifestations are diverse, ranging from severe vasculopathy with lacunar strokes to immunodeficiency with viral infections, hypogammaglobulinemia and bone marrow failure. Limited data are available on the phenotype and function of leukocytes from DADA2 patients. The aim of this study was to perform in-depth immunophenotyping and functional analysis of the impact of DADA2 on human lymphocytes. Methods In-depth immunophenotyping and functional analyses were performed on ten patients with confirmed DADA2 and compared to heterozygous carriers of pathogenic ADA2 mutations and normal healthy controls. Results The median age of the patients was 10 years (mean 20.7 years, range 1–44 years). Four out of ten patients were on treatment with steroids and/or etanercept or other immunosuppressives. We confirmed a defect in terminal B cell differentiation in DADA2 and reveal a block in B cell development in the bone marrow at the pro-B to pre-B cell stage. We also show impaired differentiation of CD4 + and CD8 + memory T cells, accelerated exhaustion/senescence, and impaired survival and granzyme production by ADA2 deficient CD8 + T cells. Unconventional T cells (i.e. iNKT, MAIT, Vδ2 + γδT) were diminished whereas pro-inflammatory monocytes and CD56 brigh t immature NK cells were increased. Expression of the IFN-induced lectin SIGLEC1 was increased on all monocyte subsets in DADA2 patients compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, the phenotype and function of lymphocytes from healthy heterozygous carriers were often intermediate to that of healthy donors and ADA2-deficient patients. Conclusion Extended immunophenotyping in DADA2 patients shows a complex immunophenotype. Our findings provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying some of the complex and heterogenous clinical features of DADA2. More research is needed to design targeted therapy to prevent viral infections in these patients with excessive inflammation as the overarching phenotype.
Author Bucciol, Giorgia
Ma, Cindy S.
Tangye, Stuart G.
Phan, Tri Giang
Wouters, Carine
Hollway, Georgina E.
Meyts, Isabelle
Kane, Alisa
Delafontaine, Selket
De Somer, Lien
Yap, Jin Yan
Moens, Leen
Wu, Kathy H.C.
Toong, Catherine
Lin, Ming-Wei
Casas-Martin, Jose
Hershfield, Michael
Sewell, William A.
Gray, Paul E.
Kelleher, Anthony
Enthoven, Karen
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jin Yan
  surname: Yap
  fullname: Yap, Jin Yan
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA)
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Leen
  surname: Moens
  fullname: Moens, Leen
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ming-Wei
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Ming-Wei
  organization: Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Alisa
  surname: Kane
  fullname: Kane, Alisa
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Department of Immunology, Liverpool Hospital, HIV and Immunology Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Anthony
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  fullname: Kelleher, Anthony
  organization: HIV and Immunology Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital, The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society
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  givenname: Catherine
  surname: Toong
  fullname: Toong, Catherine
  organization: Department of Immunology, Liverpool Hospital
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  givenname: Kathy H.C.
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Kathy H.C.
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent’s Clinical Genomics, St Vincent’s Hospital Darlinghurst, School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Discipline of Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame
– sequence: 8
  givenname: William A.
  surname: Sewell
  fullname: Sewell, William A.
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School
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  givenname: Tri Giang
  surname: Phan
  fullname: Phan, Tri Giang
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), HIV and Immunology Unit, St Vincent’s Hospital
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Georgina E.
  surname: Hollway
  fullname: Hollway, Georgina E.
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA)
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  givenname: Karen
  surname: Enthoven
  fullname: Enthoven, Karen
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA)
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Paul E.
  surname: Gray
  fullname: Gray, Paul E.
  organization: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Jose
  surname: Casas-Martin
  fullname: Casas-Martin, Jose
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Carine
  surname: Wouters
  fullname: Wouters, Carine
  organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Lien
  surname: De Somer
  fullname: De Somer, Lien
  organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Hershfield
  fullname: Hershfield, Michael
  organization: Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Giorgia
  surname: Bucciol
  fullname: Bucciol, Giorgia
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Selket
  surname: Delafontaine
  fullname: Delafontaine, Selket
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Immunity, University Hospitals Leuven
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Cindy S.
  surname: Ma
  fullname: Ma, Cindy S.
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Stuart G.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5360-5180
  surname: Tangye
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  email: s.tangye@garvan.org.au
  organization: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-1214-0302
  surname: Meyts
  fullname: Meyts, Isabelle
  email: isabelle.meyts@uzleuven.be
  organization: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34657246$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0271-9142
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Issue 8
Keywords SIGLEC-1
Monocytes
DADA2
Type I IFN signature
T cell exhaustion
Humoral immunodeficiency
ADA2 deficiency
Language English
License 2021. The Author(s).
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PublicationSubtitle International Journal of Inborn Errors of Immunity and Related Diseases
PublicationTitle Journal of clinical immunology
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Clin Immunol
PublicationTitleAlternate J Clin Immunol
PublicationYear 2021
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Springer Nature B.V
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Snippet Purpose Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2 . Clinical...
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical...
PurposeDeficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (ADA2) (DADA2) is a rare inborn error of immunity caused by deleterious biallelic mutations in ADA2. Clinical...
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StartPage 1915
SubjectTerms Adenosine
Adenosine deaminase
Adenosine Deaminase - blood
Adenosine Deaminase - deficiency
Adenosine Deaminase - genetics
Adolescent
Adult
Agammaglobulinemia - blood
Agammaglobulinemia - genetics
Agammaglobulinemia - immunology
Aged
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bone marrow
CD4 antigen
CD8 antigen
Cell Differentiation
Child
Child, Preschool
Dendritic Cells - immunology
Etanercept
Genotype & phenotype
Humans
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Immunodeficiency
Immunological memory
Immunology
Infant
Infectious Diseases
Inflammation
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - blood
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - deficiency
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics
Interferon
Internal Medicine
Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
Leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Medical Microbiology
Memory cells
Middle Aged
Monocytes
Mutation
Original
Original Article
Patients
Phenotypes
Senescence
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - blood
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - genetics
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - immunology
Steroid hormones
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Vascular diseases
Viral infections
Young Adult
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Title Intrinsic Defects in B Cell Development and Differentiation, T Cell Exhaustion and Altered Unconventional T Cell Generation Characterize Human Adenosine Deaminase Type 2 Deficiency
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10875-021-01141-0
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