Synergistic impacts of propargite exposure and deformed wing virus infection on the health of western honey bees

This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, the...

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Published in:	Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol. 289; p. 117430
Main Authors:	Lin, Chia-Yang, Lin, Yu-Chun, Lu, Yun-Heng, Chen, Shiang-Jiuun, Lin, Yu-Hsien, Tseng, Yao-Kuang, Lin, Yu-Tzu, Wu, Yueh-Lung, Huang, Rong-Nan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.01.2025 Elsevier
Subjects:	Acaricides - toxicity Adenosine Animals Bees - drug effects Bees - immunology Bees - virology DWV Energy metabolic Honey bees Pesticide residue RNA Viruses Varroa mite-borne Varroidae - virology Honey bees Energy metabolic DWV Adenosine Varroa mite-borne Pesticide residue
ISSN:	0147-6513, 1090-2414, 1090-2414
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Abstract	This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, their mortality rate increased. The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. However, simultaneous treatment of DWV and acaricide increased both the immune response and detoxification gene expression, thereby indicating enhanced bee resistance. These findings indicate a synergistic association between viral infection and bee sensitivity to acaricides, possibly as a result of physiological or immune system impairment. Our results also indicated that adenosine supplementation enhances the resilience of bees to environmental challenges, further supporting the energy requirement hypothesis. [Display omitted] •Combined biological and non-biological stressors increased bee mortality.•Stressors significantly raised carbohydrate levels in bee hemolymph.•Energy supplementation boosted bee resilience to environmental stressors.
AbstractList	This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, their mortality rate increased. The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. However, simultaneous treatment of DWV and acaricide increased both the immune response and detoxification gene expression, thereby indicating enhanced bee resistance. These findings indicate a synergistic association between viral infection and bee sensitivity to acaricides, possibly as a result of physiological or immune system impairment. Our results also indicated that adenosine supplementation enhances the resilience of bees to environmental challenges, further supporting the energy requirement hypothesis. [Display omitted] •Combined biological and non-biological stressors increased bee mortality.•Stressors significantly raised carbohydrate levels in bee hemolymph.•Energy supplementation boosted bee resilience to environmental stressors. This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, their mortality rate increased. The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. However, simultaneous treatment of DWV and acaricide increased both the immune response and detoxification gene expression, thereby indicating enhanced bee resistance. These findings indicate a synergistic association between viral infection and bee sensitivity to acaricides, possibly as a result of physiological or immune system impairment. Our results also indicated that adenosine supplementation enhances the resilience of bees to environmental challenges, further supporting the energy requirement hypothesis.This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, their mortality rate increased. The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. However, simultaneous treatment of DWV and acaricide increased both the immune response and detoxification gene expression, thereby indicating enhanced bee resistance. These findings indicate a synergistic association between viral infection and bee sensitivity to acaricides, possibly as a result of physiological or immune system impairment. Our results also indicated that adenosine supplementation enhances the resilience of bees to environmental challenges, further supporting the energy requirement hypothesis. This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa mite-borne deformed wing virus (DWV) by itself had a minimal impact on bees. Conversely, when bees were simultaneously treated with acaricides, their mortality rate increased. The administration of DWV alone boosted the expression of immune response genes, whereas acaricide alone did not significantly affect the expression of detoxification genes. However, simultaneous treatment of DWV and acaricide increased both the immune response and detoxification gene expression, thereby indicating enhanced bee resistance. These findings indicate a synergistic association between viral infection and bee sensitivity to acaricides, possibly as a result of physiological or immune system impairment. Our results also indicated that adenosine supplementation enhances the resilience of bees to environmental challenges, further supporting the energy requirement hypothesis.
ArticleNumber	117430
Author	Tseng, Yao-Kuang Lin, Yu-Hsien Lin, Yu-Chun Wu, Yueh-Lung Huang, Rong-Nan Lu, Yun-Heng Chen, Shiang-Jiuun Lin, Yu-Tzu Lin, Chia-Yang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Chia-Yang surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Chia-Yang organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 2 givenname: Yu-Chun surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Yu-Chun organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 3 givenname: Yun-Heng surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Yun-Heng organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 4 givenname: Shiang-Jiuun surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Shiang-Jiuun organization: Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and TechComm-5, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 5 givenname: Yu-Hsien surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Yu-Hsien organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 6 givenname: Yao-Kuang surname: Tseng fullname: Tseng, Yao-Kuang organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 7 givenname: Yu-Tzu surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Yu-Tzu organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 8 givenname: Yueh-Lung surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yueh-Lung email: runwu@ntu.edu.tw organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan – sequence: 9 givenname: Rong-Nan surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Rong-Nan email: rongent@ntu.edu.tw organization: Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Keywords	Honey bees Energy metabolic DWV Adenosine Varroa mite-borne Pesticide residue
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Snippet	This study aimed to elucidate the possible synergistic effects of chemical pesticides and viral infections. Our experiments demonstrated that the Varroa...
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SubjectTerms	Acaricides - toxicity Adenosine Animals Bees - drug effects Bees - immunology Bees - virology DWV Energy metabolic Honey bees Pesticide residue RNA Viruses Varroa mite-borne Varroidae - virology
Title	Synergistic impacts of propargite exposure and deformed wing virus infection on the health of western honey bees
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