A New Approach for Tracking Vegetation Change after Restoration: A Case Study with Peatlands

Developing objective tools for tracking progress of restored sites is of general concern. Here, we present an innovative approach based on principal response curves (PRC) and species classification according to their preferential habitats to monitor changes in community composition. Following large‐...

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Vydané v:	Restoration ecology Ročník 21; číslo 3; s. 363 - 371
Hlavní autori:	Poulin, Monique, Andersen, Roxane, Rochefort, Line
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2013 Wiley
Predmet:	Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences Calamagrostis canadensis Case studies Community composition Community ecology community structure Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife cut-over bog Demecology ecosystems Environmental degradation: ecosystems survey and restoration Environmental restoration felling forests Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Habitats indicator species Kalmia angustifolia multivariate analyses Mylia anomala Peatlands Plant communities plant diversity Plant species plant succession Plants (botany) Plants and fungi Pohlia nutans principal response curves reference ecosystem Restoration restoration ecology Species Species classification Sphagnum rubellum Synecology temporal variation Tracking trajectory analysis Typha latifolia Vegetation Wetlands cut-over bog reference ecosystem trajectory analysis multivariate analyses plant diversity Tracking restoration ecology principal response curves Bogs indicator species Biological indicator plant succession Vegetation dynamics Multivariate analysis Biodiversity Vegetation succession Peat bog Case study Plant Ecosystem Plant marsh community Ecological recovery Trajectory
ISSN:	1061-2971, 1526-100X
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Developing objective tools for tracking progress of restored sites is of general concern. Here, we present an innovative approach based on principal response curves (PRC) and species classification according to their preferential habitats to monitor changes in community composition. Following large‐scale restoration of a cut‐over peatland, vegetation was surveyed biannually over 8 years. We evaluated whether the establishing plant communities fell within the range of natural variation. We used both general diversity curves and PRC applied on plant species grouped by preferred habitat to compare restored sites and unrestored sites to a reference ecosystem. After 8 years, diversity and richness differed between the sites, with Forest and Ruderal species more prominent in unrestored sites, and Peatland, Forest, and Wetland species dominant in restored sites. The PRC revealed that the restored site became rapidly dominated by typical peatland plants, the main drivers of temporal changes being Sphagnum rubellum, Pohlia nutans, and Mylia anomala. Some differences remained between the restored and the undisturbed species pools: the former had more herbaceous species associated with wetlands such as Calamagrostis canadensis and Typha latifolia and the latter had more forested species like Kalmia angustifolia throughout the study. PRC revealed to be an efficient tool identifying species driving changes at the community level after restoration. In our case study, examining PRC scores after classifying species according to their preferred habitat allowed to illustrate objectively how restoration promotes target species (associated to peatlands) and how lack of intervention benefits ruderal species.
Bibliografia:	Appendix S1. List of the 233 species found with the LPI method for the restored and unrestored sites and in quadrats sampled in seven natural peatlands composing the reference ecosystem. Each species was attributed to one of the six habitat preference categories. For Peatland species, both bryophytes and vascular plants were identified according to Payette and Rochefort (2001). For Wetland and Facultative wetland species, vascular plants were identified according to the Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs du Québec (2008). For the rest of the vascular plants, we referred to Boivin (1992; for Cyperaceae) and to Marie-Victorin (1995). For nonvascular plants other than those found preferentially in peatlands, we referred to Sims and Baldwin (1996) for Sphagnum, to Ireland et al. (1987) and J. Faubert (2010, Société québécoise de bryologie, Québec, Canada, personal communication) for mosses, to Jean Faubert for liverworts, and to Brodo et al. (2001) for lichens. The species classification into the six habitat preference categories was based on habitat species preferences in regions South of the 48° parallel. Although some species can be found in more than one category, we used exclusive classification so that each species was attributed to only one category. We chose not to associate Picea mariana to Facultative wetland category and classified it as a Forest species. Some species were too generalists to be attributed to a particular category and were classified as Other species.Appendix S2. Frequencies of occurrence of species identified as indicator species by the principal response curve (see Figs. 5 & 6) from the year prior to restoration (0) and the years after (2, 4, 6, and 8). Values for the restored and unrestored sites are from the LPI method (presence-absence) and those for the reference ecosystem are from percent cover in 1-m2 quadrats (see Methods). The grey line is the average value (and standard error) of the reference ecosystem. istex:AED1D34C3175FD5A6F4D0006AFC65F5229309DA3 ArticleID:REC889 ark:/67375/WNG-CWKDKZQ0-R ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-3 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1061-2971 1526-100X
DOI:	10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00889.x