The Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Weight Loss and Maintenance

Obesity represents a major health problem in the United States and is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors. Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are associated with reduced CV risk, improved cardiometabolic risk factors, and facilitated weight...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Progress in cardiovascular diseases Vol. 61; no. 2; pp. 206 - 213
Main Authors: Swift, Damon L., McGee, Joshua E., Earnest, Conrad P., Carlisle, Erica, Nygard, Madison, Johannsen, Neil M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2018
Subjects:
Clinically significant weight loss
Exercise training
Physical activity
Weight loss
Weight regain
TGs
Physical activity
Weight regain
Weight loss
DM
VO2 max
BP
ET
HDL
PA
CV
LDL
Clinically significant weight loss
CRF
LTPA
Exercise training
US
BMI
ISSN:0033-0620, 1873-1740, 1532-8643, 1873-1740
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Obesity represents a major health problem in the United States and is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors. Physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) are associated with reduced CV risk, improved cardiometabolic risk factors, and facilitated weight loss through creating a negative energy balance. Clinicians need to counsel overweight and obese patients on how much PA/ET is needed to promote weight loss and weight loss maintenance. This will help establish realistic expectations and maximize improvements in CV risk factors. Although the minimum guidelines for aerobic PA (150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week) can improve CV health, these levels are generally inadequate for clinically significant weight loss or weight maintenance without caloric restriction. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the role of ET to promote clinically significant weight loss and promote weight maintenance. In particular, we will evaluate the likelihood of weight loss from ET programs composed of aerobic training only, resistance training only and programs that combine diet and ET. We will also explore the role of PA in promoting short-term and long-term weight maintenance.
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ISSN:0033-0620
1873-1740
1532-8643
1873-1740
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014