Enhancing qualitative research through virtual focus groups and artificial intelligence: A review
•Digital FGDs expand geographical reach and inclusivity in qualitative research.•AI tools like NLP simplify transcription and thematic data analysis in FGDs.•Sentiment analysis captures emotional nuances within qualitative discussions.•Hybrid methods blend in-person FGDs and digital interactions eff...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of medical informatics (Shannon, Ireland) Jg. 203; S. 106004 |
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Elsevier B.V
01.11.2025
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| ISSN: | 1386-5056, 1872-8243, 1872-8243 |
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| Abstract | •Digital FGDs expand geographical reach and inclusivity in qualitative research.•AI tools like NLP simplify transcription and thematic data analysis in FGDs.•Sentiment analysis captures emotional nuances within qualitative discussions.•Hybrid methods blend in-person FGDs and digital interactions effectively.•Gamification increases participant engagement in qualitative research settings.
The rapid integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) into qualitative research has significantly transformed traditional methods of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). Online platforms and AI-driven analysis techniques now offer new opportunities and present distinct challenges.
This narrative review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in virtual and digital FGDs, assessing their potential benefits, methodological innovations, practical challenges, and ethical considerations.
Relevant literature on virtual FGDs, AI applications, hybrid qualitative methods, and gamification strategies were systematically identified and synthesised, focusing specifically on platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Reddit.
Digital FGDs have notably enhanced geographical accessibility, facilitating the inclusion of marginalised populations previously limited by logistical or geographical barriers. Emerging AI-driven tools such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) for automated transcription and thematic analysis, alongside sentiment analysis, have streamlined qualitative data analysis, capturing complex emotional nuances effectively. Hybrid approaches blending traditional face-to-face interactions with asynchronous online discussions, as well as gamification techniques (interactive exercises, role-playing, digital storytelling, and mobile app-based FGDs), have shown significant promise in promoting participant engagement and enriching qualitative insights. Despite these advancements, key ethical and practical challenges remain, particularly regarding informed consent, data security, power imbalances among participants, and inclusivity for those with limited digital literacy.
Virtual and digital FGDs offer considerable advantages for qualitative research, but require ongoing methodological refinement and clear ethical guidelines. Future research should prioritise developing robust ethical frameworks, addressing current limitations, and further refining digital qualitative methodologies. |
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| AbstractList | •Digital FGDs expand geographical reach and inclusivity in qualitative research.•AI tools like NLP simplify transcription and thematic data analysis in FGDs.•Sentiment analysis captures emotional nuances within qualitative discussions.•Hybrid methods blend in-person FGDs and digital interactions effectively.•Gamification increases participant engagement in qualitative research settings.
The rapid integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) into qualitative research has significantly transformed traditional methods of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). Online platforms and AI-driven analysis techniques now offer new opportunities and present distinct challenges.
This narrative review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in virtual and digital FGDs, assessing their potential benefits, methodological innovations, practical challenges, and ethical considerations.
Relevant literature on virtual FGDs, AI applications, hybrid qualitative methods, and gamification strategies were systematically identified and synthesised, focusing specifically on platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Reddit.
Digital FGDs have notably enhanced geographical accessibility, facilitating the inclusion of marginalised populations previously limited by logistical or geographical barriers. Emerging AI-driven tools such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) for automated transcription and thematic analysis, alongside sentiment analysis, have streamlined qualitative data analysis, capturing complex emotional nuances effectively. Hybrid approaches blending traditional face-to-face interactions with asynchronous online discussions, as well as gamification techniques (interactive exercises, role-playing, digital storytelling, and mobile app-based FGDs), have shown significant promise in promoting participant engagement and enriching qualitative insights. Despite these advancements, key ethical and practical challenges remain, particularly regarding informed consent, data security, power imbalances among participants, and inclusivity for those with limited digital literacy.
Virtual and digital FGDs offer considerable advantages for qualitative research, but require ongoing methodological refinement and clear ethical guidelines. Future research should prioritise developing robust ethical frameworks, addressing current limitations, and further refining digital qualitative methodologies. The rapid integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) into qualitative research has significantly transformed traditional methods of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). Online platforms and AI-driven analysis techniques now offer new opportunities and present distinct challenges.BACKGROUNDThe rapid integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) into qualitative research has significantly transformed traditional methods of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). Online platforms and AI-driven analysis techniques now offer new opportunities and present distinct challenges.This narrative review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in virtual and digital FGDs, assessing their potential benefits, methodological innovations, practical challenges, and ethical considerations.OBJECTIVEThis narrative review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in virtual and digital FGDs, assessing their potential benefits, methodological innovations, practical challenges, and ethical considerations.Relevant literature on virtual FGDs, AI applications, hybrid qualitative methods, and gamification strategies were systematically identified and synthesised, focusing specifically on platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Reddit.METHODRelevant literature on virtual FGDs, AI applications, hybrid qualitative methods, and gamification strategies were systematically identified and synthesised, focusing specifically on platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Reddit.Digital FGDs have notably enhanced geographical accessibility, facilitating the inclusion of marginalised populations previously limited by logistical or geographical barriers. Emerging AI-driven tools such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) for automated transcription and thematic analysis, alongside sentiment analysis, have streamlined qualitative data analysis, capturing complex emotional nuances effectively. Hybrid approaches blending traditional face-to-face interactions with asynchronous online discussions, as well as gamification techniques (interactive exercises, role-playing, digital storytelling, and mobile app-based FGDs), have shown significant promise in promoting participant engagement and enriching qualitative insights. Despite these advancements, key ethical and practical challenges remain, particularly regarding informed consent, data security, power imbalances among participants, and inclusivity for those with limited digital literacy.RESULTSDigital FGDs have notably enhanced geographical accessibility, facilitating the inclusion of marginalised populations previously limited by logistical or geographical barriers. Emerging AI-driven tools such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) for automated transcription and thematic analysis, alongside sentiment analysis, have streamlined qualitative data analysis, capturing complex emotional nuances effectively. Hybrid approaches blending traditional face-to-face interactions with asynchronous online discussions, as well as gamification techniques (interactive exercises, role-playing, digital storytelling, and mobile app-based FGDs), have shown significant promise in promoting participant engagement and enriching qualitative insights. Despite these advancements, key ethical and practical challenges remain, particularly regarding informed consent, data security, power imbalances among participants, and inclusivity for those with limited digital literacy.Virtual and digital FGDs offer considerable advantages for qualitative research, but require ongoing methodological refinement and clear ethical guidelines. Future research should prioritise developing robust ethical frameworks, addressing current limitations, and further refining digital qualitative methodologies.CONCLUSIONVirtual and digital FGDs offer considerable advantages for qualitative research, but require ongoing methodological refinement and clear ethical guidelines. Future research should prioritise developing robust ethical frameworks, addressing current limitations, and further refining digital qualitative methodologies. The rapid integration of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) into qualitative research has significantly transformed traditional methods of conducting focus group discussions (FGDs). Online platforms and AI-driven analysis techniques now offer new opportunities and present distinct challenges. This narrative review aims to critically evaluate recent developments in virtual and digital FGDs, assessing their potential benefits, methodological innovations, practical challenges, and ethical considerations. Relevant literature on virtual FGDs, AI applications, hybrid qualitative methods, and gamification strategies were systematically identified and synthesised, focusing specifically on platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Reddit. Digital FGDs have notably enhanced geographical accessibility, facilitating the inclusion of marginalised populations previously limited by logistical or geographical barriers. Emerging AI-driven tools such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) for automated transcription and thematic analysis, alongside sentiment analysis, have streamlined qualitative data analysis, capturing complex emotional nuances effectively. Hybrid approaches blending traditional face-to-face interactions with asynchronous online discussions, as well as gamification techniques (interactive exercises, role-playing, digital storytelling, and mobile app-based FGDs), have shown significant promise in promoting participant engagement and enriching qualitative insights. Despite these advancements, key ethical and practical challenges remain, particularly regarding informed consent, data security, power imbalances among participants, and inclusivity for those with limited digital literacy. Virtual and digital FGDs offer considerable advantages for qualitative research, but require ongoing methodological refinement and clear ethical guidelines. Future research should prioritise developing robust ethical frameworks, addressing current limitations, and further refining digital qualitative methodologies. |
| ArticleNumber | 106004 |
| Author | Gore, Manisha Nitin Olawade, David B. Omeni, Deborah Hadi, Manizha |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David B. surname: Olawade fullname: Olawade, David B. email: d.olawade@uel.ac.uk organization: Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Deborah surname: Omeni fullname: Omeni, Deborah organization: Department of Public Health, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Manisha Nitin surname: Gore fullname: Gore, Manisha Nitin organization: Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis Community Outreach Programme and Extension, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India – sequence: 4 givenname: Manizha surname: Hadi fullname: Hadi, Manizha organization: Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40482393$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.4300/JGME-D-22-00480.1 10.1177/16094069221111124 10.1007/s10462-023-10651-9 10.1080/15323269.2020.1819758 10.1177/02683962231176842 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000278 10.1177/1468794118757102 10.57157/pins2021Vol60iss1a5601 10.35844/001c.116337 10.31729/jnma.5738 10.1177/1468794120986074 10.1177/15562646241290078 10.1111/2041-210X.12860 10.3390/socsci12100570 10.1093/eurjcn/zvae013 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190847388.013.28 10.4324/9780367824471-25 10.1177/16094069231165949 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.815 10.1016/j.chb.2023.108053 10.1007/978-3-031-65735-1_19 10.1007/s40271-021-00528-w 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2022.05.005 10.3389/frma.2024.1331589 10.1371/journal.pone.0173403 10.1017/cts.2022.385 10.1177/1938965520967769 |
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| Keywords | Digital qualitative research Virtual focus groups Ethical considerations Artificial intelligence Gamification |
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| Title | Enhancing qualitative research through virtual focus groups and artificial intelligence: A review |
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