Microbiota of health, gingivitis, and initial periodontitis

. This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3‐month intervals...

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Vydáno v:Journal of clinical periodontology Ročník 25; číslo 2; s. 85 - 98
Hlavní autoři: Tanner, A., Maiden, M. F. J., Macuch, P. J., Murray, L. L., Kent Jr, R. L.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.1998
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ISSN:0303-6979, 1600-051X
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Abstract . This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3‐month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing ≥1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus oralis, were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naesludii, Campylobacter gracilis, and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health‐associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalls and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram‐negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.
AbstractList This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3-month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing > or = 1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus oralis, were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naeslundii, Campylobacter gracilis, and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health-associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram-negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3-month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing > or = 1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus oralis, were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naeslundii, Campylobacter gracilis, and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health-associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram-negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.
. This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3‐month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing ≥1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus oralis, were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naesludii, Campylobacter gracilis, and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health‐associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalls and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram‐negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.
This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3-month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing > or = 1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus, and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus oralis, were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naeslundii, Campylobacter gracilis, and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health-associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram-negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.
This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3‐month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period. Sites, from 17 subjects, showing ≥1.5 mm periodontal attachment loss during monitoring were sampled as active lesions for microbial analysis. Twelve subjects demonstrated interproximal lesions, and 5 subjects had attachment loss at buccal sites (recession). Cultural studies identified Bacteroides forsythus, Campylobacter rectus , and Selenomonas noxia as the predominant species associated with active interproximal lesions (9 subjects), whereas Actinomyces naeslundii , and Streptococcus oralis , were the dominant species colonizing buccal active sites. A. naesludii, Campylobacter gracilis , and B. forsythus (at lower levels than active sites) were the dominant species cultured from gingivitis (10 subjects). Health‐associated species (10 subjects) included Streptococcus oralis, A. naeslundii , and Actinomyces gerencseriae. DNA probe data identified higher mean levels of B. forsythus and C. rectus with active (7 subjects) compared to inactive periodontitis sites. Porphyromonas gingivalls and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were detected infrequently. Cluster analysis of the cultural microbiota grouped 8/9 active interproximal lesions in one subcluster characterized by a mostly gram‐negative microbiota, including B. forsythus and C. rectus. The data suggest that B. forsythus C. rectus and S. noxia were major species characterizing sites converting from periodontal health to disease. The differences in location and microbiota of interproximal and buccal active sites suggested that different mechanisms may be involved in increased attachment loss.
Author Tanner, A.
Macuch, P. J.
Maiden, M. F. J.
Kent Jr, R. L.
Murray, L. L.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: A.
  surname: Tanner
  fullname: Tanner, A.
  email: atanner@forsyth.org
  organization: Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M. F. J.
  surname: Maiden
  fullname: Maiden, M. F. J.
  organization: Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: P. J.
  surname: Macuch
  fullname: Macuch, P. J.
  organization: Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: L. L.
  surname: Murray
  fullname: Murray, L. L.
  organization: Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: R. L.
  surname: Kent Jr
  fullname: Kent Jr, R. L.
  organization: Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9495607$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Tanner, A., Kent, R., Maiden, M. F. J. & Taubman, M. A. (1996) Clinical, microbiological and immunological profile of health, gingivitis and putative active periodontal subjects. Journal of Periodontal Research 31, 195-204.
Gmur, R., Strub, J. R. & Guggenheim, B. (1989) Prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival plaque of prosthodontically treated patients on short recall. Journal of Periodontal Research, 113-120.
Moore, W. E., Holdeman, L. V. Smibert, R. M., Good, I. J., Burmeister, J. A., Palcanis, K. G. & Ranney, R. R. (1982) Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in young adult humans. Infection & Immunity 38, 651-667.
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Listgarten, M. A., Schifter, C. C. & Laster, L. (1985) 3-year longitudinal study of the periodontal status of an adult population with gingivitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 12, 225-238.
McNabb, H., Mombelli, A., Gmur, R., Mathey-Dinc, S. & Lang, N. P. (1992) Periodontal pathogens in the shallow pockets of immigrants from developing countries. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 7, 267-272.
Mooney, J., Adonogianaki, E., Riggio, M. P., Takahashi, K., Haerian, A. & Kinane, D. F. (1995) Initial serum antibody titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis influences development of antibody avidity and success of therapy for chronic periodontitis. Infection & Immunity 63, 3411-3416.
Smith, G. L., Socransky, S. S. & Smith, C. M. (1989 Rapid method for the purification of DNA from subgingival microorganisms. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 4, 47-51.
Moore, W. E., Holdeman, L. V., Smibert, R. M., Cato, E. P., Burmeister, J. A., Palcanis, K. G. & Ranney, R. R. (1984) Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in children. Infection & Immunity 46, 1-6.
Haffajee, A. D. & Socransky, S. S. (1994) Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases. Periodontology 2000 5, 78-111.
Tanner, A. C. R., Listgarten, M. A., Ebersole, J. L. & Strzempko, M. N. (1986) Bacteroides forsythus sp. nov., a slow growing fusiform Bacteroides sp, from the human oral cavity. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36, 213-221.
Tanner, A., Bouldin, H. D. & Maiden, M. F. (1989) Newly delineated periodontal pathogens with special reference to Selenomonas species. Infection 17, 182-187.
Kononen, E., Asikainen, S., Saarela, M., Karjalainen, J. & Jousimies-Somer, H. (1994) The oral gram-negative anaerobic microflora in young children: longitudinal changes from edentulous to dentate mouth. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 9, 136-141.
Moore, L. V. H., Johnson, J. L. & Moore, W. E. C. (1987) Selenomonas noxia sp. nov., Selenomonas frueggeii sp. nov., Selenomonas infelix sp. nov., Selenomonas dianae sp. nov., and Selenomonas artemidis sp. nov., from the human gingival crevice. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36, 271-280.
Beck, J. D. & Koch, G. G. (1994) Characteristics of older adults experiencing periodontal attachment loss as gingival recession or probing depth. Journal of Periodontal Research 29, 290-298.
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Grossi, S. G., Genco, R. J., Machtei, E. E., Ho, A. W., Koch, G., Dunford, R., Zambon, J. J. & Hausmann, E. (1995) Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. II. Risk indicators for alveolar bone loss. Journal of Periodontology 66, 23-29.
Lai, C. H., Oshima, K., Slots, J. & Listgarten, M. A. (1992) Wolinella recta in adult gingivitis and periodontitis. Journal of Periodontal Research 27, 8-14.
Wade, W. G., Gray, A. R., Absi, E. G. & Barker, G. R. (1991) Predominant cultivable fiora in pericoronitis. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 6, 310-312.
Haffajee, A. D, Socransky, S. S., Smith, C & Dibart, S. (1991) Relation of baseline microbial parameters to future periodontal attachment loss. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 18, 744-750.
Haffajee, A. D, Socransky, S. S., and Goodson, J. M. (1983b) Comparison of different data analyses for detecting changes in attachment level. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 10, 298-310.
Lai, C. H., Listgarten, M. A., Shirakawa, M. & Slots, J. (1987) Bacteriodes forsythus in adult gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 2, 152-157.
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Engler-Blum, G., Meier, M., Frank, J. & Muller, G. A. (1993) Reduction of background problems in nonradioactivc northern and Southern blot analyses enables higher sensitivity than 32P-based hybridizations. Analytical Biochemistry 210, 235-244.
Dzink, J. L., Socransky, S. S. & Haffajee, A. D. (1988) The predominant cultivable microbiota of active and inactive lesions of destructive periodontal diseases. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 15, 316-323.
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Joshipura, K. J., Kent, R. L. & DePaola, P.F. (1994) Gingival recession: intra-oral distribution and associated factors. Journal of Periodontology 65, 864-871 [see comments].
Tanner, A. & Bouldin, H. (1989) The microbiota of early periodontitis lesions in adults. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 16, 467-471.
Saarela, M., Von Troil-Linden, B., Torkko, H., Stucki, A. M., Alaluusua, S., Jousimies-Somer, H. & Asikainen, S. (1993) Transmission of oral bacterial species between spouses. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 8, 349-354.
Gunaratnam, M., Smith, G. L., Socransky, S. S., Smith, C. M. & Haffajee, A. D. (1992) Enumeration of subgingival species on primary isolation plates using colony lifts. Oral Microbiology & Inmmunology 7, 14-18.
Dahlen, G., Manji, F., Baelum, V & Fejerskov, O. (1992) Putative periodontopathogens in "diseased" and "non-diseased" persons exhibiting poor oral hygiene. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 19, 35-42.
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Riviere, G. R., Smith, K. S., Tzagaroulaki, E., Kay, S. L., Zhu, X., DeRouen, T. A. & Adams, D. F. (1996) Periodontal status and detection frequency of bacteria at sites of periodontal health and gingivitis. Journal of Periodontology 67, 109-115.
Alaluusua, S., Asikainen, S. & Lai, C.H. (1991) Intrafamilial transmission of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Journal of Periodontology 62, 207-210.
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Maiden, M. F., Tanner, A. & Moore, W. E. (1992) Identification of Selenomonas species by whole-genomic DNA probes, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, biochemical tests and cellular fatty acid analysis. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 7, 7-13.
Slots, J., Moenbo, D, Langebaek, J. & Erandsen, A. (1978) Microbiota of gingivitis in man, Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 86, 174-181.
Kononen, E., Saarela, M., Karjalainen, J., Jousimies-Somer, H., Alaluusua, S. & Asikainen, S. (1994) Transmission of oral Prevotella melaninogenica between a mother and her young child. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 9, 310-314.
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Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S. & Goodson, J. M. (1992) Subgingival temperature (II). Relation to future periodontal attachment loss. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 19, 409-416.
Socransky, S. S., Smith, C, Martin, L., Paster, B. J., Dewhirst, F. E. & Levin, A. E. (1994) "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. BioTechniques 17, 788-793.
Grossi, S. G., Zambon, J. J., Ho, A. W. Koch, G., Dunford, R. G., Machtei, E. E., Norderyd, O. M. & Genco, R. J. (1994) Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators for attachment loss. Journal of Periodontology 65, 260-267.
Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S. & Goodson, J. M. (1983a) Clinical parameters as predictors of destructive periodontal disease activity. Journal of Clinical Peridontology 10, 257-265.
Moore, L. V. Moore, W. E., Cato, E. P., Smibert, R. M., Burmeister, J. A., Best, A. M. & Ranney, R. R. (1987) Bacteriology of human gingivitis. Journal of Denial Research 66, 989-995.
Socransky, S. S., Haffajee, A. D., Dzink, J. L. & Hillman, J. D. (1988) Associations between microbial species in subgingival plaque samples. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 3, 1-7.
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References_xml – reference: McNabb, H., Mombelli, A., Gmur, R., Mathey-Dinc, S. & Lang, N. P. (1992) Periodontal pathogens in the shallow pockets of immigrants from developing countries. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 7, 267-272.
– reference: Haffajee, A. D, Socransky, S. S., and Goodson, J. M. (1983b) Comparison of different data analyses for detecting changes in attachment level. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 10, 298-310.
– reference: Wade, W. G., Gray, A. R., Absi, E. G. & Barker, G. R. (1991) Predominant cultivable fiora in pericoronitis. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 6, 310-312.
– reference: Loesche, W. J. & Syed, S. A. (1978) Bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque and gingivitis score. Infection & Immunity 21, 830-839.
– reference: Lai, C. H., Listgarten, M. A., Shirakawa, M. & Slots, J. (1987) Bacteriodes forsythus in adult gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 2, 152-157.
– reference: Saarela, M., Von Troil-Linden, B., Torkko, H., Stucki, A. M., Alaluusua, S., Jousimies-Somer, H. & Asikainen, S. (1993) Transmission of oral bacterial species between spouses. Oral Microbiology & Immunology 8, 349-354.
– reference: Tanner, A., Bouldin, H. D. & Maiden, M. F. (1989) Newly delineated periodontal pathogens with special reference to Selenomonas species. Infection 17, 182-187.
– reference: Riviere, G. R., Smith, K. S., Tzagaroulaki, E., Kay, S. L., Zhu, X., DeRouen, T. A. & Adams, D. F. (1996) Periodontal status and detection frequency of bacteria at sites of periodontal health and gingivitis. Journal of Periodontology 67, 109-115.
– reference: Newman, M. G., Grinenco, V. Weiner, M., Angel, I., Karge, H. & Nisengard, R. (1978) Predominant microbiota associated with periodontal health in the aged. Journal of Periodontology 49, 553-559.
– reference: Gmur, R., Strub, J. R. & Guggenheim, B. (1989) Prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus and Bacteroides gingivalis in subgingival plaque of prosthodontically treated patients on short recall. Journal of Periodontal Research, 113-120.
– reference: Gunaratnam, M., Smith, G. L., Socransky, S. S., Smith, C. M. & Haffajee, A. D. (1992) Enumeration of subgingival species on primary isolation plates using colony lifts. Oral Microbiology & Inmmunology 7, 14-18.
– reference: Moore, W. E., Holdeman, L. V. Smibert, R. M., Good, I. J., Burmeister, J. A., Palcanis, K. G. & Ranney, R. R. (1982) Bacteriology of experimental gingivitis in young adult humans. Infection & Immunity 38, 651-667.
– reference: Tanner, A., Kent, R., Maiden, M. F. J. & Taubman, M. A. (1996) Clinical, microbiological and immunological profile of health, gingivitis and putative active periodontal subjects. Journal of Periodontal Research 31, 195-204.
– reference: Socransky, S. S., Smith, C, Martin, L., Paster, B. J., Dewhirst, F. E. & Levin, A. E. (1994) "Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. BioTechniques 17, 788-793.
– reference: Lai, C. H., Oshima, K., Slots, J. & Listgarten, M. A. (1992) Wolinella recta in adult gingivitis and periodontitis. Journal of Periodontal Research 27, 8-14.
– reference: Grossi, S. G., Zambon, J. J., Ho, A. W. Koch, G., Dunford, R. G., Machtei, E. E., Norderyd, O. M. & Genco, R. J. (1994) Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators for attachment loss. Journal of Periodontology 65, 260-267.
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Snippet . This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe,...
This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe,...
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StartPage 85
SubjectTerms Adult
Bacteroidaceae - isolation & purification
Bacteroidaceae - pathogenicity
Bacteroides - isolation & purification
Bacteroides - pathogenicity
Campylobacter - isolation & purification
Campylobacter - pathogenicity
Cluster Analysis
Colony Count, Microbial
Dental Plaque - metabolism
Disease Progression
DNA Probes
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
Female
Gingiva - microbiology
Gingival Recession - microbiology
Gingivitis - microbiology
Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification
Gram-Positive Bacteria - isolation & purification
Humans
initial periodontitis
Longitudinal Studies
Male
microbiology
microbiota
Middle Aged
Periodontal Attachment Loss - microbiology
periodontal disease
Periodontitis - microbiology
Statistics, Nonparametric
Title Microbiota of health, gingivitis, and initial periodontitis
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1600-051X.1998.tb02414.x
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9495607
https://www.proquest.com/docview/79714169
Volume 25
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