Awareness and experiences of cosmetic treatment providers with body dysmorphic disorder in Saudi Arabia
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as derma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Jg. 8; S. e8959 |
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| Abstract | Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (
n
= 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (
n
= 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (n = 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one's external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (n = 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice.Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one's external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (n = 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one's external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants ( = 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric disorders. Individuals suffering from this disorder may seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures from cosmetic treatment providers such as dermatologists or plastic surgeons. Cosmetic treatments have become readily available, which has led to an influx of undiagnosed BDD patients electing to undergo such treatments. Therefore, physicians should have the clinical knowledge about BDD to diagnose and manage these cases to avoid psychological and physical harm to these patients. However, there were no studies conducted in our region to assess the awareness of BDD among physicians who provide cosmetic treatments with regards to their attitude toward such cases and how they would manage it. This study aims to assess the awareness of Body Dysmorphic Disorder among Saudi physicians who provide cosmetic treatments. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study among physicians practicing in hospitals and cosmetic clinics in Riyadh and Jeddah city (Saudi Arabia), who perform cosmetic procedures, namely dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and otorhinolaryngologists. A paper-based questionnaire consisting of multiple-choice questions was distributed among them. The total number of participants was 155 physicians: 113 (72.9%) males and 42 (27.1%) females. Eighty-two (52.9%) participants reported that they have been familiar with the diagnostic criteria of BDD for a long time and ninety-nine (63.8%) reported being familiar with the clinical picture of BDD. Sixty-three (40.6%) participants estimated the prevalence of BDD cases seen in cosmetic practice to range from 1%-5%, and most agreed on an equal prevalence of BDD among female and male patients. Half of the participants (n = 76) (49%) reported that they sometimes share knowledge about BDD with patients whom they suspect to suffer from this condition. In conclusion, cosmetic treatment providers in Saudi Arabia are aware of BDD, but we have identified a discrepancy between the self-reported participant knowledge of diagnostic criteria and their ability to accurately estimate the prevalence of BDD cases seen in clinical practice. |
| ArticleNumber | e8959 |
| Author | AlHammad, Reema Bouman, Theo K. Kattan, Abdullah E. Van der Lei, Berend Alnujaim, Nujaim H. Barasain, Omar |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Abdullah E. surname: Kattan fullname: Kattan, Abdullah E. organization: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 2 givenname: Nujaim H. surname: Alnujaim fullname: Alnujaim, Nujaim H. organization: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 3 givenname: Omar surname: Barasain fullname: Barasain, Omar organization: College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 4 givenname: Theo K. surname: Bouman fullname: Bouman, Theo K. organization: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: Reema surname: AlHammad fullname: AlHammad, Reema organization: College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 6 givenname: Berend surname: Van der Lei fullname: Van der Lei, Berend organization: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic, and Hand Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32341899$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1017/S1092852900016436 10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.112 10.4103/ssj.ssj_11_19 10.17795/ijpbs-3868 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.01.002 10.1176/ajp.148.9.1138 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02635.x 10.1176/appi.psy.46.6.549 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000279 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 10.1067/maj.2002.129451 10.1007/s00266-018-1300-1 10.15537/smj.2020.1.24784 10.1007/s00266-017-0819-x 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002962 |
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| Keywords | Awareness of body dysmorphic disorder Cosmetic treatment providers Body dysmorphic disorder |
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| References_xml | – volume: 13 start-page: 316 issue: 04 year: 2008 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-11 article-title: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in the United States adult population publication-title: CNS Spectrums doi: 10.1017/S1092852900016436 – volume: 5 start-page: 30473 issue: 11 year: 2017 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-3 article-title: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in patients attending dermatology clinic in Saudi Arabia/Qassim region publication-title: Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research doi: 10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.112 – volume-title: Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder year: 2005 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-12 – volume: 7 start-page: 83 year: 2019 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-2 article-title: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among Saudis seeking facial plastic surgery publication-title: Saudi Surgical Journal doi: 10.4103/ssj.ssj_11_19 – volume: 10 start-page: e3868 issue: 2 year: 2016 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-16 article-title: Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and its association with body features in female medical students publication-title: Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-3868 – volume: 67 start-page: 646 issue: 5 year: 2014 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-10 article-title: Patients with mild to moderate body dysmorphic disorder may benefit from rhinoplasty publication-title: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.01.002 – volume-title: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders year: 1994 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-5 – volume: 148 start-page: 1138 issue: 9 year: 1991 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-7 article-title: Body dysmorphic disorder: the distress of imagined ugliness publication-title: American Journal of Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/ajp.148.9.1138 – volume: 22 start-page: 795 year: 2008 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-18 article-title: Body dysmorphic disorder and dermatologists publication-title: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02635.x – volume: 46 start-page: 549 year: 2005 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-9 article-title: Nonpsychiatric medical treatment of body dysmorphic disorder publication-title: Psychosomatics doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.46.6.549 – volume: 41 start-page: 352 year: 2015 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-15 article-title: Identification and management of mental health issues by dermatologic surgeons: a survey of American Society for Dermatologic Surgery members publication-title: Dermatologic Surgery doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000279 – volume-title: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders year: 2013 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-6 doi: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 – volume: 22 start-page: 531 year: 2002 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-14 article-title: Awareness and identification of body dysmorphic disorder by aesthetic surgeons: results of a survey of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery members publication-title: Aesthetic Surgery Journal doi: 10.1067/maj.2002.129451 – volume: 43 start-page: 1000 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-13 article-title: High prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder and moderate to severe appearance-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms among rhinoplasty candidates publication-title: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery doi: 10.1007/s00266-018-1300-1 – volume: 41 start-page: 74 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-4 article-title: Prevalence and characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder in Arab dermatology patients publication-title: Saudi Medical Journal doi: 10.15537/smj.2020.1.24784 – volume: 48 start-page: 38 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-1 article-title: 1. Development validation and testing of an arabic version of the cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire COPS for body dysmorphic disorder publication-title: Kuwait Medical Journal – volume: 41 start-page: 949 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-17 article-title: A review of body dysmorphic disorder in aesthetic surgery patients and the legal implications publication-title: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery doi: 10.1007/s00266-017-0819-x – volume: 139 start-page: 336 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 10.7717/peerj.8959/ref-8 article-title: Cosmetic professionals’ awareness of body dysmorphic disorder publication-title: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002962 |
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| Snippet | Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one’s external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric... Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is defined as a constant obsession with one's external appearance and flaws, and it falls under the criteria of neuropsychiatric... |
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