Identification of a diagnostic structural motif reveals a new reaction intermediate and condensation pathway in kraft lignin formation

Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little...

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Published in:Chemical science (Cambridge) Vol. 9; no. 30; pp. 6348 - 6360
Main Authors: Lancefield, Christopher S., Wienk, Hans L. J., Boelens, Rolf, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 2018
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ISSN:2041-6520, 2041-6539
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Abstract Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
AbstractList Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
Detailed structural analysis of industrial and model kraft lignins reveals an important new reaction intermediate and condensation pathway operating during kraft pulping. Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. De novo synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the lignin undergoes extensive structural modification, with many labile native bonds being replaced by new, more recalcitrant ones. Currently little is known about the nature of those bonds and linkages in kraft lignin, information that is essential for its efficient valorization to renewable fuels, materials or chemicals. Here, we provide detailed new insights into the structure of softwood kraft lignin, identifying and quantifying the major native as well as kraft pulping-derived units as a function of molecular weight. synthetic kraft lignins, generated from (isotope labelled) dimeric and advanced polymeric models, provided key mechanistic understanding of kraft lignin formation, revealing different process dependent reaction pathways to be operating. The discovery of a novel kraft-derived lactone condensation product proved diagnostic for the identification of a previously unknown homovanillin based condensation pathway. The lactone marker is found in various different soft- and hardwood kraft lignins, suggesting the general pertinence of this new condensation mechanism for kraft pulping. These novel structural and mechanistic insights will aid the development of future biomass and lignin valorization technologies.
Author Boelens, Rolf
Lancefield, Christopher S.
Weckhuysen, Bert M.
Wienk, Hans L. J.
Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.
AuthorAffiliation b NMR Spectroscopy , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , Padualaan 8 , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
a Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands . Email: p.c.a.bruijnincx@uu.nl
c Organic Chemistry and Catalysis , Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: c Organic Chemistry and Catalysis , Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
– name: b NMR Spectroscopy , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , Padualaan 8 , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
– name: a Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis , Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands . Email: p.c.a.bruijnincx@uu.nl
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Christopher S.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9134-5589
  surname: Lancefield
  fullname: Lancefield, Christopher S.
  organization: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Hans L. J.
  surname: Wienk
  fullname: Wienk, Hans L. J.
  organization: NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Rolf
  surname: Boelens
  fullname: Boelens, Rolf
  organization: NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Bert M.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5245-1426
  surname: Weckhuysen
  fullname: Weckhuysen, Bert M.
  organization: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Pieter C. A.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8134-0530
  surname: Bruijnincx
  fullname: Bruijnincx, Pieter C. A.
  organization: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30310563$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02000k
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2018-00-00
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PublicationDate_xml – year: 2018
  text: 2018-00-00
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PublicationTitle Chemical science (Cambridge)
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Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry
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Snippet Kraft lignin, the main by-product of the pulping industry, is an abundant, yet highly underutilized renewable aromatic polymer. During kraft pulping, the...
Detailed structural analysis of industrial and model kraft lignins reveals an important new reaction intermediate and condensation pathway operating during...
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StartPage 6348
SubjectTerms Chemistry
Condensates
Diagnostic systems
Lignin
Organic chemistry
Pulping
Reaction intermediates
Title Identification of a diagnostic structural motif reveals a new reaction intermediate and condensation pathway in kraft lignin formation
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30310563
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