Creep in oak material from the Vasa ship: verification of linear viscoelasticity and identification of stress thresholds
Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where cree...
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| Published in: | European journal of wood and wood products Vol. 78; no. 6; pp. 1095 - 1103 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.11.2020
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| ISSN: | 0018-3768, 1436-736X, 1436-736X |
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| Abstract | Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. |
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| AbstractList | Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confrm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were ftted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to defne a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. |
| Author | Afshar, R. Almkvist, G. Ahlgren, A. Cheylan, M. Gamstedt, E. K. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: R. orcidid: 0000-0003-3384-3971 surname: Afshar fullname: Afshar, R. email: reza.afshar@angstrom.uu.se organization: Division of Applied Mechanics, The Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Cheylan fullname: Cheylan, M. organization: École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques – sequence: 3 givenname: G. surname: Almkvist fullname: Almkvist, G. organization: Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: A. surname: Ahlgren fullname: Ahlgren, A. organization: The Swedish National Maritime and Transport Museums, The Vasa Museum – sequence: 5 givenname: E. K. surname: Gamstedt fullname: Gamstedt, E. K. organization: Division of Applied Mechanics, The Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00226_024_01577_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41826_024_00090_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00226_022_01421_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00226_025_01673_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_f12091193 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11043_023_09604_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mechmat_2023_104586 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s11043-018-9382-3 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2007.163_1.x 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000102 10.1515/hfsg.1988.42.5.289 10.1021/bm3007456 10.1007/s00226-017-0944-3 10.1533/9780857090805 10.1016/j.culher.2012.01.017 10.1016/j.culher.2015.03.011 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.12.013 10.1515/HF.2009.013 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.013 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.10.010 10.1122/1.4790170 |
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| References | Hoffman (CR7) 2013 Ward, Sweeney (CR17) 2004 Cederlund, Hocker (CR2) 2007; 36 de Borst, Bader (CR3) 2014; 345 Navi, Stanzl-Tschegg (CR12) 2009 Hocker (CR5) 2010; 41 Hoffmann (CR8) 2009; 42 Huč, Svensson (CR10) 2018; 52 de Borst, Bader, Wikete (CR4) 2012; 177 Ozyhar, Hering, Niemz (CR13) 2013; 57 Shipsha, Berglund (CR14) 2007; 67 Hu, Guan (CR9) 2019; 21 Vorobyev, van Dijk, Kristofer Gamstedt (CR16) 2019; 23 Zhang, Sath (CR18) 2010 van Dijk, Gamstedt, Bjurhager (CR15) 2016; 17 Hocker, Almkvist, Sahlstedt (CR6) 2012; 13 Bjurhager, Halonen, Lindfors (CR1) 2012; 13 Jones, Rule, Jones (CR11) 1986 P Hoffmann (1566_CR8) 2009; 42 K de Borst (1566_CR3) 2014; 345 E Hocker (1566_CR6) 2012; 13 I Bjurhager (1566_CR1) 2012; 13 CO Cederlund (1566_CR2) 2007; 36 S Huč (1566_CR10) 2018; 52 T Ozyhar (1566_CR13) 2013; 57 IM Ward (1566_CR17) 2004 E Hocker (1566_CR5) 2010; 41 A Vorobyev (1566_CR16) 2019; 23 A Jones (1566_CR11) 1986 NP van Dijk (1566_CR15) 2016; 17 WG Hu (1566_CR9) 2019; 21 K de Borst (1566_CR4) 2012; 177 P Hoffman (1566_CR7) 2013 A Shipsha (1566_CR14) 2007; 67 J-S Zhang (1566_CR18) 2010 P Navi (1566_CR12) 2009 |
| References_xml | – volume: 23 start-page: 35 year: 2019 end-page: 52 ident: CR16 article-title: Orthotropic creep in polyethylene glycol impregnated archaeological oak from the Vasa ship publication-title: Mech Time-Depend Mater doi: 10.1007/s11043-018-9382-3 – volume: 36 start-page: 426 year: 2007 end-page: 429 ident: CR2 article-title: Vasa I: the archaeology of a Swedish Warship of 1628 publication-title: Int J Naut Archaeol doi: 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2007.163_1.x – volume: 21 start-page: 15 year: 2019 end-page: 24 ident: CR9 article-title: Study on compressive stress relaxation bahavior of beech based on the finite element method publication-title: Maderas Cienc Tecnol doi: 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000102 – year: 2004 ident: CR17 publication-title: An introduction to the mechanical properties of solid polymers – year: 2013 ident: CR7 publication-title: Conservation of archaeological ships and boats – volume: 42 start-page: 289 year: 2009 end-page: 294 ident: CR8 article-title: On the stabilization of waterlogged oakwood with polyethylene glycol (PEG) III. 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| SubjectTerms | Biomedical and Life Sciences Ceramics Cold flow Composites Compressive properties Creep strength Deformation Engineering Science with specialization in Solid Mechanics Glass Life Sciences Linearity Machines Manufacturing Mathematical models Museums Natural Materials Numerical models Numerical prediction Original Article Parameters Processes Rheological properties Shipwrecks Strain Stress-strain curves Stress-strain relationships Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot hållfasthetslära Threshold stress Thresholds Trävetenskap Vasa oak Viscoelasticity wood Wood Science Wood Science & Technology Wooden structures |
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| Title | Creep in oak material from the Vasa ship: verification of linear viscoelasticity and identification of stress thresholds |
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| Volume | 78 |
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