Creep in oak material from the Vasa ship: verification of linear viscoelasticity and identification of stress thresholds

Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where cree...

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Vydáno v:	European journal of wood and wood products Ročník 78; číslo 6; s. 1095 - 1103
Hlavní autoři:	Afshar, R., Cheylan, M., Almkvist, G., Ahlgren, A., Gamstedt, E. K.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Biomedical and Life Sciences Ceramics Cold flow Composites Compressive properties Creep strength Deformation Engineering Science with specialization in Solid Mechanics Glass Life Sciences Linearity Machines Manufacturing Mathematical models Museums Natural Materials Numerical models Numerical prediction Original Article Parameters Processes Rheological properties Shipwrecks Strain Stress-strain curves Stress-strain relationships Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot hållfasthetslära Threshold stress Thresholds Trävetenskap Vasa oak Viscoelasticity wood Wood Science Wood Science & Technology Wooden structures
ISSN:	0018-3768, 1436-736X, 1436-736X
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Abstract	Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction.
AbstractList	Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confirm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were fitted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to define a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction. Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the wooden cubic samples from the Vasa ship have been analysed to confrm the linearity of the viscoelastic response in the directions where creep was detectable (T and R directions). Isochronous stress–strain curves were derived for relevant uniaxial compressive stresses within reasonable time spans. These curves and the associated creep compliance values justify that it is reasonable to assume a linear viscoelastic behaviour within the tested ranges, given the high degree of general variability. Furthermore, the creep curves were ftted with a one-dimensional standard linear solid model, and although the rheological parameters show a fair amount of scatter, they are candidates as input parameters in a numerical model to predict creep deformations. The isochronous stress–strain relationships were used to defne a creep threshold stress below which only negligible creep is expected. These thresholds ranges were 0.3–0.5 MPa in the R direction and 0.05–0.2 MPa in the T direction.
Author	Afshar, R. Almkvist, G. Ahlgren, A. Cheylan, M. Gamstedt, E. K.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: R. orcidid: 0000-0003-3384-3971 surname: Afshar fullname: Afshar, R. email: reza.afshar@angstrom.uu.se organization: Division of Applied Mechanics, The Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Cheylan fullname: Cheylan, M. organization: École Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques – sequence: 3 givenname: G. surname: Almkvist fullname: Almkvist, G. organization: Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: A. surname: Ahlgren fullname: Ahlgren, A. organization: The Swedish National Maritime and Transport Museums, The Vasa Museum – sequence: 5 givenname: E. K. surname: Gamstedt fullname: Gamstedt, E. K. organization: Division of Applied Mechanics, The Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University
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Cites_doi	10.1007/s11043-018-9382-3 10.1111/j.1095-9270.2007.163_1.x 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000102 10.1515/hfsg.1988.42.5.289 10.1021/bm3007456 10.1007/s00226-017-0944-3 10.1533/9780857090805 10.1016/j.culher.2012.01.017 10.1016/j.culher.2015.03.011 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.12.013 10.1515/HF.2009.013 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.09.013 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.10.010 10.1122/1.4790170
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Snippet	Creep deformation is a general problem for large wooden structures, and in particular for shipwrecks in museums. In this study, experimental creep data on the...
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StartPage	1095
SubjectTerms	Biomedical and Life Sciences Ceramics Cold flow Composites Compressive properties Creep strength Deformation Engineering Science with specialization in Solid Mechanics Glass Life Sciences Linearity Machines Manufacturing Mathematical models Museums Natural Materials Numerical models Numerical prediction Original Article Parameters Processes Rheological properties Shipwrecks Strain Stress-strain curves Stress-strain relationships Teknisk fysik med inriktning mot hållfasthetslära Threshold stress Thresholds Trävetenskap Vasa oak Viscoelasticity wood Wood Science Wood Science & Technology Wooden structures
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Title	Creep in oak material from the Vasa ship: verification of linear viscoelasticity and identification of stress thresholds
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Volume	78
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