Effect of land use and hydrological processes on Escherichia coli concentrations in streams of tropical, humid headwater catchments

Lack of access to clean water and adequate sanitation continues to be a major brake on development. Here we present the results of a 12-month investigation into the dynamics of Escherichia coli , a commonly used indicator of faecal contamination in water supplies, in three small, rural catchments in...

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Vydané v:	Scientific reports Ročník 6; číslo 1; s. 32974 - 12
Hlavní autori:	Rochelle-Newall, Emma J., Ribolzi, Olivier, Viguier, Marion, Thammahacksa, Chanthamousone, Silvera, Norbert, Latsachack, Keooudone, Dinh, Rinh Pham, Naporn, Piyapong, Sy, Hai Tran, Soulileuth, Bounsamay, Hmaimum, Nikom, Sisouvanh, Pem, Robain, Henri, Janeau, Jean-Louis, Valentin, Christian, Boithias, Laurie, Pierret, Alain
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 08.09.2016 Nature Publishing Group
Predmet:	704/172 704/242 Contamination Dry season E coli Environmental Sciences Escherichia coli Feces Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrology Land use Life Sciences multidisciplinary Overland flow Rain Rainy season Rural catchments Sampling Sanitation Science Seasons Soil crusting Soil surfaces Streams Vegetation Vegetation type Water pollution Water quality Water supply rivers waters stormwater runoff afforestation field fecal indicator bacteria northern vietnam health soils contamination
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Shrnutí:	Lack of access to clean water and adequate sanitation continues to be a major brake on development. Here we present the results of a 12-month investigation into the dynamics of Escherichia coli , a commonly used indicator of faecal contamination in water supplies, in three small, rural catchments in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam. We show that land use and hydrology are major controlling factors of E. coli concentrations in streamwater and that the relative importance of these two factors varies between the dry and wet seasons. In all three catchments, the highest concentrations were observed during the wet season when storm events and overland flow were highest. However, smaller peaks of E. coli concentration were also observed during the dry season. These latter correspond to periods of intense farming activities and small, episodic rain events. Furthermore, vegetation type, through land use and soil surface crusting, combined with mammalian presence play an important role in determining E. coli loads in the streams. Finally, sampling during stormflow revealed the importance of having appropriate sampling protocols if information on maximum contamination levels is required as grab sampling at a fixed time step may miss important peaks in E. coli numbers.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/srep32974