Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought

The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecological applications Jg. 35; H. 1; S. e3072 - n/a
Hauptverfasser:	Rodman, Kyle C., Bradford, John B., Formanack, Alicia M., Fulé, Peter Z., Huffman, David W., Kolb, Thomas E., Miller‐ter Kuile, Ana T., Normandin, Donald P., Ogle, Kiona, Pedersen, Rory J., Schlaepfer, Daniel R., Stoddard, Michael T., Waltz, Amy E. M.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2025 Ecological Society of America
Schlagworte:	basal area increment Burning Climate Change climate memory Constraints Controlled burning Drought Droughts dry forests Ecosystem management ecosystems Environmental gradient Environmental restoration Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods evaporative demand Evergreen trees Extreme drought fire hazard Fire hazards forest restoration forest thinning Forestry - methods Forests growth rings Human influences Moisture availability moisture stress Niches North America Pine Pine trees Pinus - growth & development Pinus ponderosa Pinus ponderosa - growth & development Pinus ponderosa - physiology Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum prescribed burning Prescribed fire southwestern United States species Thinning tree growth Tree rings Trees Trees - growth & development United States > US North America dry forests climate memory moisture stress Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum southwestern United States forest thinning prescribed fire basal area increment
ISSN:	1051-0761, 1939-5582
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Abstract	The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree‐ring data from a system of replicated, long‐term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence‐based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree‐level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre‐treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post‐treatment period (ca. 2000–2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest‐growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi‐year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree‐level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades.
AbstractList	The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree‐ring data from a system of replicated, long‐term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence‐based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa ), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree‐level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre‐treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post‐treatment period (ca. 2000–2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest‐growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi‐year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree‐level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades. The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree-ring data from a system of replicated, long-term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence-based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree-level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre-treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post-treatment period (ca. 2000-2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest-growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi-year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree-level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades.The frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree-ring data from a system of replicated, long-term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence-based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree-level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre-treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post-treatment period (ca. 2000-2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest-growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi-year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree-level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades.
Author	Huffman, David W. Miller‐ter Kuile, Ana T. Formanack, Alicia M. Normandin, Donald P. Bradford, John B. Ogle, Kiona Rodman, Kyle C. Stoddard, Michael T. Kolb, Thomas E. Waltz, Amy E. M. Schlaepfer, Daniel R. Pedersen, Rory J. Fulé, Peter Z.
AuthorAffiliation	3 US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff Arizona USA 1 Ecological Restoration Institute Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA 2 US Geological Survey, Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center Seattle Washington USA 6 USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff Arizona USA 7 Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA 5 School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA 4 School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 US Geological Survey, Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center Seattle Washington USA – name: 5 School of Forestry Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA – name: 1 Ecological Restoration Institute Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA – name: 7 Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA – name: 6 USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff Arizona USA – name: 3 US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff Arizona USA – name: 4 School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Kyle C. orcidid: 0000-0001-9538-8412 surname: Rodman fullname: Rodman, Kyle C. email: kyle.rodman@nau.edu organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 2 givenname: John B. orcidid: 0000-0001-9257-6303 surname: Bradford fullname: Bradford, John B. organization: US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Alicia M. surname: Formanack fullname: Formanack, Alicia M. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 4 givenname: Peter Z. orcidid: 0000-0002-8469-0621 surname: Fulé fullname: Fulé, Peter Z. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 5 givenname: David W. orcidid: 0000-0001-6547-7107 surname: Huffman fullname: Huffman, David W. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas E. surname: Kolb fullname: Kolb, Thomas E. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 7 givenname: Ana T. orcidid: 0000-0003-2599-5158 surname: Miller‐ter Kuile fullname: Miller‐ter Kuile, Ana T. organization: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station – sequence: 8 givenname: Donald P. surname: Normandin fullname: Normandin, Donald P. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 9 givenname: Kiona orcidid: 0000-0002-0652-8397 surname: Ogle fullname: Ogle, Kiona organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 10 givenname: Rory J. surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Rory J. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 11 givenname: Daniel R. orcidid: 0000-0001-9973-2065 surname: Schlaepfer fullname: Schlaepfer, Daniel R. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 12 givenname: Michael T. surname: Stoddard fullname: Stoddard, Michael T. organization: Northern Arizona University – sequence: 13 givenname: Amy E. M. surname: Waltz fullname: Waltz, Amy E. M. organization: Northern Arizona University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39627996$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tfp_2025_100867 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_70317 crossref_primary_10_1002_eap_3072 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2025_122907
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Copyright	2024 The Author(s). published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. 2024 The Author(s). Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Copyright Ecological Society of America Feb 2025
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2024 The Author(s). published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. – notice: 2024 The Author(s). Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. – notice: Copyright Ecological Society of America Feb 2025
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Keywords	dry forests climate memory moisture stress Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum southwestern United States forest thinning prescribed fire basal area increment
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License	Attribution 2024 The Author(s). Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Publisher	John Wiley & Sons, Inc Ecological Society of America
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SubjectTerms	basal area increment Burning Climate Change climate memory Constraints Controlled burning Drought Droughts dry forests Ecosystem management ecosystems Environmental gradient Environmental restoration Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods evaporative demand Evergreen trees Extreme drought fire hazard Fire hazards forest restoration forest thinning Forestry - methods Forests growth rings Human influences Moisture availability moisture stress Niches North America Pine Pine trees Pinus - growth & development Pinus ponderosa Pinus ponderosa - growth & development Pinus ponderosa - physiology Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum prescribed burning Prescribed fire southwestern United States species Thinning tree growth Tree rings Trees Trees - growth & development
Title	Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought
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