Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier: Recent Advances in Drug Delivery to the Brain

CNS disorders are on the rise despite advancements in our understanding of their pathophysiological mechanisms. A major hurdle to the treatment of these disorders is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which serves as an arduous janitor to protect the brain. Many drugs are being discovered for CNS disord...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:CNS drugs Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 109 - 133
Main Authors: Patel, Mayur M., Patel, Bhoomika M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.02.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Alzheimer's disease
Animals
Biodegradability
Biological Transport
Blood-brain barrier
Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism
Brain - metabolism
Central nervous system
Central Nervous System Diseases - drug therapy
Clinical trials
Convection
Drug Carriers - chemistry
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Drug Design
Drug development
Endocytosis
Exosomes
Humans
Liposomes
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Micelles
Microspheres
Nanoparticles
Nervous system
Neurology
Neurosciences
Parkinson's disease
Permeability
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacotherapy
Physiology
Prescription drugs
Protein transport
Psychiatry
Psychopharmacology
Quantum dots
Review Article
Tissue Distribution
Ultrasonic imaging
Brain Endothelial Cell
PLGA Microsphere
Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
Fingolimod
ISSN:1172-7047, 1179-1934, 1179-1934
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:CNS disorders are on the rise despite advancements in our understanding of their pathophysiological mechanisms. A major hurdle to the treatment of these disorders is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which serves as an arduous janitor to protect the brain. Many drugs are being discovered for CNS disorders, which, however fail to enter the market because of their inability to cross the BBB. This is a pronounced challenge for the pharmaceutical fraternity. Hence, in addition to the discovery of novel entities and drug candidates, scientists are also developing new formulations of existing drugs for brain targeting. Several approaches have been investigated to allow therapeutics to cross the BBB. As the molecular structure of the BBB is better elucidated, several key approaches for brain targeting include physiological transport mechanisms such as adsorptive-mediated transcytosis, inhibition of active efflux pumps, receptor-mediated transport, cell-mediated endocytosis, and the use of peptide vectors. Drug-delivery approaches comprise delivery from microspheres, biodegradable wafers, and colloidal drug-carrier systems (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles, nanogels, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, polymersomes, exosomes, and quantum dots). The current review discusses the latest advancements in these approaches, with a major focus on articles published in 2015 and 2016. In addition, we also cover the alternative delivery routes, such as intranasal and convection-enhanced diffusion methods, and disruption of the BBB for brain targeting.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ISSN:1172-7047
1179-1934
1179-1934
DOI:10.1007/s40263-016-0405-9