Research on Lightweight Dynamic Security Protocol for Intelligent In-Vehicle CAN Bus

With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures remain inadequate, and CAN bus messages lack effecti...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 11; p. 3380
Main Authors: Wang, Yuanhao, Xu, Yinan, Liu, Zhiquan, Liu, Suya, Wu, Yujing
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27.05.2025
MDPI
Subjects:
ISSN:1424-8220, 1424-8220
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures remain inadequate, and CAN bus messages lack effective security mechanisms and are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Although encryption algorithms can enhance system security, their high bandwidth consumption negatively impacts the real-time performance of intelligent and connected vehicles. Moreover, the message authentication mechanism of the CAN bus requires lengthy authentication codes, further exacerbating the bandwidth burden. To address these issues, we propose an improved dynamic compression algorithm that achieves higher compression rates and efficiency by optimizing header information processing during data reorganization. Additionally, we have proposed a novel dynamic key management approach, incorporating a dynamic key distribution mechanism, which effectively resolves the challenges associated with key management. Each Electronic Control Unit (ECU) node independently performs compression, encryption, and authentication while periodically updating its keys to enhance system security and strengthen defense capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic compression algorithm improves the average compression rate by 2.24% and enhances compression time efficiency by 10% compared to existing solutions. The proposed security protocol effectively defends against four different types of attacks. In hardware tests, using an ECU operating at a frequency of 30 MHz, the computation time for the security algorithm on a single message was 0.85 ms, while at 400 MHz, the computation time was reduced to 0.064 ms. Additionally, for different vehicle models, the average CAN bus load rate was reduced by 8.28%. The proposed security mechanism ensures the security, real-time performance, and freshness of CAN bus messages while reducing bus load, providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the cybersecurity of intelligent and connected vehicles.
AbstractList With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures remain inadequate, and CAN bus messages lack effective security mechanisms and are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Although encryption algorithms can enhance system security, their high bandwidth consumption negatively impacts the real-time performance of intelligent and connected vehicles. Moreover, the message authentication mechanism of the CAN bus requires lengthy authentication codes, further exacerbating the bandwidth burden. To address these issues, we propose an improved dynamic compression algorithm that achieves higher compression rates and efficiency by optimizing header information processing during data reorganization. Additionally, we have proposed a novel dynamic key management approach, incorporating a dynamic key distribution mechanism, which effectively resolves the challenges associated with key management. Each Electronic Control Unit (ECU) node independently performs compression, encryption, and authentication while periodically updating its keys to enhance system security and strengthen defense capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic compression algorithm improves the average compression rate by 2.24% and enhances compression time efficiency by 10% compared to existing solutions. The proposed security protocol effectively defends against four different types of attacks. In hardware tests, using an ECU operating at a frequency of 30 MHz, the computation time for the security algorithm on a single message was 0.85 ms, while at 400 MHz, the computation time was reduced to 0.064 ms. Additionally, for different vehicle models, the average CAN bus load rate was reduced by 8.28%. The proposed security mechanism ensures the security, real-time performance, and freshness of CAN bus messages while reducing bus load, providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the cybersecurity of intelligent and connected vehicles.
With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures remain inadequate, and CAN bus messages lack effective security mechanisms and are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Although encryption algorithms can enhance system security, their high bandwidth consumption negatively impacts the real-time performance of intelligent and connected vehicles. Moreover, the message authentication mechanism of the CAN bus requires lengthy authentication codes, further exacerbating the bandwidth burden. To address these issues, we propose an improved dynamic compression algorithm that achieves higher compression rates and efficiency by optimizing header information processing during data reorganization. Additionally, we have proposed a novel dynamic key management approach, incorporating a dynamic key distribution mechanism, which effectively resolves the challenges associated with key management. Each Electronic Control Unit (ECU) node independently performs compression, encryption, and authentication while periodically updating its keys to enhance system security and strengthen defense capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic compression algorithm improves the average compression rate by 2.24% and enhances compression time efficiency by 10% compared to existing solutions. The proposed security protocol effectively defends against four different types of attacks. In hardware tests, using an ECU operating at a frequency of 30 MHz, the computation time for the security algorithm on a single message was 0.85 ms, while at 400 MHz, the computation time was reduced to 0.064 ms. Additionally, for different vehicle models, the average CAN bus load rate was reduced by 8.28%. The proposed security mechanism ensures the security, real-time performance, and freshness of CAN bus messages while reducing bus load, providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the cybersecurity of intelligent and connected vehicles.With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures remain inadequate, and CAN bus messages lack effective security mechanisms and are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Although encryption algorithms can enhance system security, their high bandwidth consumption negatively impacts the real-time performance of intelligent and connected vehicles. Moreover, the message authentication mechanism of the CAN bus requires lengthy authentication codes, further exacerbating the bandwidth burden. To address these issues, we propose an improved dynamic compression algorithm that achieves higher compression rates and efficiency by optimizing header information processing during data reorganization. Additionally, we have proposed a novel dynamic key management approach, incorporating a dynamic key distribution mechanism, which effectively resolves the challenges associated with key management. Each Electronic Control Unit (ECU) node independently performs compression, encryption, and authentication while periodically updating its keys to enhance system security and strengthen defense capabilities. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic compression algorithm improves the average compression rate by 2.24% and enhances compression time efficiency by 10% compared to existing solutions. The proposed security protocol effectively defends against four different types of attacks. In hardware tests, using an ECU operating at a frequency of 30 MHz, the computation time for the security algorithm on a single message was 0.85 ms, while at 400 MHz, the computation time was reduced to 0.064 ms. Additionally, for different vehicle models, the average CAN bus load rate was reduced by 8.28%. The proposed security mechanism ensures the security, real-time performance, and freshness of CAN bus messages while reducing bus load, providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the cybersecurity of intelligent and connected vehicles.
Audience Academic
Author Liu, Zhiquan
Wang, Yuanhao
Liu, Suya
Xu, Yinan
Wu, Yujing
AuthorAffiliation 1 The College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; davidwang0214@outlook.com (Y.W.); ynxu@ybu.edu.cn (Y.X.); 1224022474@ybu.edu.cn (S.L.)
2 The College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; zqliucom@gmail.com
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 The College of Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China; davidwang0214@outlook.com (Y.W.); ynxu@ybu.edu.cn (Y.X.); 1224022474@ybu.edu.cn (S.L.)
– name: 2 The College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; zqliucom@gmail.com
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yuanhao
  orcidid: 0009-0008-5816-2658
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Yuanhao
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yinan
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4130-644X
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Yinan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Zhiquan
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Zhiquan
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Suya
  orcidid: 0009-0002-5338-7686
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Suya
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yujing
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9339-0866
  surname: Wu
  fullname: Wu, Yujing
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40968934$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpdkluPEyEUx4lZ4170wS9gJvHFfZiV60CfTO16adKo0dVXAsyZKc0UVpjR9NtL7drsGhI4Ofz4c27n6CTEAAg9J_iKsRl-nakghDGFH6EzwimvFaX45J59is5z3mBMWaGeoFOOZ42aMX6Gbr5CBpPcuoqhWvl-Pf6G_V5d74LZeld9AzclP-6qLymO0cWh6mKqlmGEYfA9hLHY9Q9YezdAtZh_qt5O-Sl63Jkhw7O78wJ9f__uZvGxXn3-sFzMV7Xjkow1m9mGKSUtsbwFygx2AoBK1eBZx8E1lDgMuLOUY6eYs1JiSTnjxkrWsJZdoOVBt41mo2-T35q009F4_dcRU69NGveRads2wK3lqm0Zd4QbDJZ2TICTxjAwRevNQet2sltoXcksmeGB6MOb4Ne6j780oURIIkRReHWnkOLPCfKotz67UiYTIE5ZMyoopVJIWtCX_6GbOKVQalUoIiWXXDSFujpQvSkZ-NDF8rErq4XSmTICnS_-ueKCK0qwLA9e3M_hGPy_dhfg8gC4FHNO0B0RgvV-lPRxlNgfcYu5Rg
Cites_doi 10.1109/TIFS.2022.3152405
10.1016/j.asoc.2019.106017
10.1109/TITS.2021.3078740
10.1109/TIFS.2020.2983285
10.1145/3056506
10.5772/intechopen.92469
10.3390/electronics10060637
10.1109/TIFS.2019.2895957
10.1109/RTSS52674.2021.00051
10.1109/TVT.2022.3187469
10.1007/978-3-319-72359-4_38
10.1109/COMST.2016.2521642
10.1109/TITS.2024.3377179
10.1109/TNSE.2023.3312545
10.1109/CCNC.2018.8319180
10.1109/TVT.2022.3143708
10.1109/ISOCC.2018.8649946
10.1109/TVT.2019.2961765
10.1109/JPROC.2019.2948775
10.3390/s20082364
10.14722/autosec.2021.23016
10.1109/ICACITE53722.2022.9823662
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2025 by the authors. 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG
– notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2025 by the authors. 2025
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
3V.
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
M1P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3390/s25113380
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database

PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic


Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1424-8220
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_bd6e4bb48dd34c14a0eb2f35ec7aa3ea
PMC12157155
A845482107
40968934
10_3390_s25113380
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations New York
GeographicLocations_xml – name: New York
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 62161049
– fundername: Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation
  grantid: YDZJ202501ZYTS641
– fundername: Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation
  grantid: YDZJ202301ZYTS409
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 62201492
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 62201492; 62161049
– fundername: Jilin Province Natural Science Foundation
  grantid: YDZJ202301ZYTS409; YDZJ202501ZYTS641
GroupedDBID ---
123
2WC
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FE
8FG
8FI
8FJ
AADQD
AAHBH
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADMLS
AENEX
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BENPR
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
D1I
DU5
E3Z
EBD
ESX
F5P
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
ITC
KQ8
L6V
M1P
M48
MODMG
M~E
OK1
OVT
P2P
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNS
RPM
TUS
UKHRP
XSB
~8M
NPM
PUEGO
3V.
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
DWQXO
K9.
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-39b63887b1b4de23a0c5ee278609f4ec621c0e0fb240c83cb77072434ab7363d3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 0
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001506157500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1424-8220
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:45:14 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 02:01:58 EST 2025
Fri Sep 19 21:03:14 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 07:41:43 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 18:15:25 EST 2025
Tue Sep 23 02:21:37 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:09:58 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 11
Keywords dynamic encryption and authentication
dynamic compression algorithm
intelligent and connected vehicles
CAN bus
defense capability
dynamic key management
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c471t-39b63887b1b4de23a0c5ee278609f4ec621c0e0fb240c83cb77072434ab7363d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0009-0008-5816-2658
0000-0002-4130-644X
0009-0002-5338-7686
0000-0002-9339-0866
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/bd6e4bb48dd34c14a0eb2f35ec7aa3ea
PMID 40968934
PQID 3217747456
PQPubID 2032333
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_bd6e4bb48dd34c14a0eb2f35ec7aa3ea
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_12157155
proquest_miscellaneous_3252227572
proquest_journals_3217747456
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A845482107
pubmed_primary_40968934
crossref_primary_10_3390_s25113380
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-05-27
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-05-27
PublicationDate_xml – month: 05
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-05-27
  day: 27
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
PublicationTitleAlternate Sensors (Basel)
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References Michaels (ref_19) 2022; 71
Ren (ref_4) 2019; 108
Jo (ref_24) 2021; 23
Mary (ref_3) 2013; 2013
ref_13
ref_12
Agbaje (ref_14) 2024; 25
ref_11
Yu (ref_20) 2022; 17
Palaniswamy (ref_18) 2020; 15
Wu (ref_26) 2022; 71
ref_17
ref_15
Jo (ref_23) 2019; 69
ref_25
Groza (ref_22) 2017; 16
Rasheed (ref_21) 2023; 11
Woo (ref_16) 2014; 16
ref_1
Ying (ref_10) 2019; 14
Zeng (ref_8) 2016; 18
Cui (ref_27) 2023; 72
ref_9
ref_5
Kim (ref_2) 2020; 88
ref_7
ref_6
References_xml – ident: ref_7
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1388
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: EC-SVC: Secure CAN bus in-vehicle communications with fine-grained access control based on edge computing
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur.
  doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2022.3152405
– volume: 88
  start-page: 106017
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: APAD: Autoencoder-based payload anomaly detection for industrial IoE
  publication-title: Appl. Soft Comput.
  doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.106017
– volume: 23
  start-page: 6123
  year: 2021
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: A survey of attacks on controller area networks and corresponding countermeasures
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3078740
– volume: 15
  start-page: 3107
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: An efficient authentication scheme for intra-vehicular controller area network
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur.
  doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2020.2983285
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: LiBrA-CAN: Lightweight broadcast authentication for controller area networks
  publication-title: ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.
  doi: 10.1145/3056506
– ident: ref_9
  doi: 10.5772/intechopen.92469
– volume: 16
  start-page: 993
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: A practical wireless attack on the connected car and security protocol for in-vehicle CAN
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
– ident: ref_1
  doi: 10.3390/electronics10060637
– volume: 72
  start-page: 14756
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_27
  article-title: Lightweight encryption and authentication for controller area network of autonomous vehicles
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 2300
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Shape of the cloak: Formal analysis of clock skew-based intrusion detection system in controller area networks
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur.
  doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2019.2895957
– ident: ref_11
  doi: 10.1109/RTSS52674.2021.00051
– volume: 71
  start-page: 10350
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Dynamic rearrangement compression algorithm for intelligent connected vehicles
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3187469
– ident: ref_6
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-72359-4_38
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1552
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: In-vehicle networks outlook: Achievements and challenges
  publication-title: IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor.
  doi: 10.1109/COMST.2016.2521642
– volume: 25
  start-page: 12066
  year: 2024
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: From Weeping to Wailing: A Transitive Stealthy Bus-Off Attack
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst.
  doi: 10.1109/TITS.2024.3377179
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1008
  year: 2023
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Efficient crypto engine for authenticated encryption, data traceability, and replay attack detection over CAN bus network
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1109/TNSE.2023.3312545
– ident: ref_13
  doi: 10.1109/CCNC.2018.8319180
– volume: 71
  start-page: 3670
  year: 2022
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: CAN bus message authentication via co-channel RF watermark
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2022.3143708
– ident: ref_25
  doi: 10.1109/ISOCC.2018.8649946
– volume: 69
  start-page: 2204
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: Mauth-can: Masquerade-attack-proof authentication for in-vehicle networks
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2019.2961765
– volume: 108
  start-page: 357
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: The security of autonomous driving: Threats, defenses, and future directions
  publication-title: Proc. IEEE
  doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2948775
– ident: ref_15
– ident: ref_5
  doi: 10.3390/s20082364
– ident: ref_12
  doi: 10.14722/autosec.2021.23016
– ident: ref_17
  doi: 10.1109/ICACITE53722.2022.9823662
– volume: 2013
  start-page: 148015
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Response time analysis of messages in controller area network: A review
  publication-title: J. Comput. Netw. Commun.
SSID ssj0023338
Score 2.4505856
Snippet With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 3380
SubjectTerms Access control
Air conditioning
Algorithms
Automobile safety
Braking systems
CAN bus
Collaboration
Communication
Data compression
Data encryption
Data transmission
defense capability
dynamic compression algorithm
dynamic encryption and authentication
dynamic key management
Feedback
intelligent and connected vehicles
Investment analysis
Network security
Performance evaluation
Powertrain
Protocol
Security management
Sensors
Telematics
Vehicles
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  dbid: PIMPY
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB7BlgMceD8CBRmExCnaJHbi5IS2hYpKsFqJgsopsp1Z2ktSNln4-8wk3rAREidukWMpjj7PzDd-fAPwulrjGrVLwrgwaahQZaF1lpwhS4ubNEZZDcUm9HKZn58XK389uvXHKnc-sXfUg9ozn9smJzyvGscr5nNJTJqIMEX_t1c_Qq4hxXutvqDGdThg4a18Bger00-rb2MCJikfG9SFJKX685bpNTVFk5jUS_f_7aD3ItT09OReODq5839_5C7c9rRULIZ5dA-uYX0fbu2JFT6As90hPdHU4iPn9L_6ZVXxbihqLz77UnhitWm6hiaYIEIsTkfNz46ew694wV8Qx4ulONq2D-HLyfuz4w-hr8kQOgpjXSgLSxabaxtbVWEiTeRSxETnWVSsFbosiV2E0doSU3C5JNh1pBMllbFaZrKSj2BWNzU-AeGIGpgiwQxtoYoktwXqqHAaqVVbrAJ4tUOlvBqkN0pKWRi6coQugCPGa-zAatl9Q7P5XnrjK22VobJW5VUllYuVidAma5mi08ZINAG8YbRLtmmC1Bl_NYHGyepY5SJXlNhRcqwDONyBWnpjb8s_GAbwcnxNZsp7L6bGZst9Ur51nOokgMfD_BnHTCl2RrRRBZBPZtbkp6Zv6suLXgqctUE0UcKn_x7XM7iZcN3iiO8fHsKs22zxOdxwP7vLdvPCm8lvdFclxQ
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Research on Lightweight Dynamic Security Protocol for Intelligent In-Vehicle CAN Bus
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40968934
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217747456
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3252227572
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12157155
https://doaj.org/article/bd6e4bb48dd34c14a0eb2f35ec7aa3ea
Volume 25
WOSCitedRecordID wos001506157500001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1424-8220
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023338
  issn: 1424-8220
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1424-8220
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023338
  issn: 1424-8220
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1424-8220
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023338
  issn: 1424-8220
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1424-8220
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023338
  issn: 1424-8220
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1424-8220
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0023338
  issn: 1424-8220
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20010101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Pj5QwFH7R1YMejL9F10k1Jp7IAi20HGfW2biJOyG6mvHUtOWR3QuYGWb35t_uKzBkiAcvXhpSSCjv4_W9D9rvAXwoK6xQuiSMc5OGAkUWWmdpMvTS4iaNkZd9sQm5Wqn1Oi8OSn35NWG9PHBvuBNbZiisFaosuXCxMBFxwYqn6KQxHLvUiLKePZkaqBYn5tXrCHEi9Sdbn0hTVzSJPp1I_99T8UEsmq6TPAg8Z4_h0ZAxsnk_0idwB-un8PBAR_AZXO7Xz7GmZl883b7tvniyT329efZtqFLHik3TNoQ9o1yVnY9ynC0dhz_wyt-Bnc5XbLHbPofvZ8vL08_hUC4hdBRh2pDnlpxJSRtbUWLCTeRSxESqLMorgS5LYhdhVFkK4k5xQkRGMhFcGCt5xkv-Ao7qpsZXwBxFbZMnmKHNRZ4om6OMcieReqXFMoD3ezPqX70qhiY24W2tR1sHsPAGHi_wQtZdB8GrB3j1v-AN4KOHR3t3IwycGXYN0Di9cJWeK0Gci3irDOB4j6Ae_HCrOTEuIkyUJQbwbjxNHuR_i5gam52_JvUbglOZBPCyB3wcM7HfjDI6EYCavAqTh5qeqa-vOpVuL9shKVt7_T_M8AYeJL7wcOQ3EB7DUbvZ4Vu4727a6-1mBnflWnatmsG9xXJVfJ11_kDtxe8l9RXnF8XPP4HkEyk
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VggQceFMCBQwC9RQ1aztxckBo21J11WVViQXtLdjOpN0DSdkHVf8Uv5FxXt0VErceuEWOldjJ529m_PgG4F2WY47Kcr-X6NCXKCPfWENk6KTFddhDkdXJJtRoFE8myckG_G7PwrhtlS0nVkSdldbNke8K8p3J9SV7__H8p--yRrnV1TaFRg2LY7y8oJBt_mFwQP_3PeeHn8b7R36TVcC3RMQLXySGMBcr0zMyQy50YENEruIoSHKJNuI9G2CQG7J1NhbUcBUoLoXURolIZIKeewNuEo8rt4VMTa4CPEHxXq1eJEQS7M6d-05FwZrNq1ID_G0AVizg-u7MFXN3eP9_-1AP4F7jWLN-PRIewgYWj-DuitziYxi32wxZWbChm5W4qCaG2cFloX9MLfvSJPNjJ7NyUdIQYeTSs0GnWrqga_8bnrk3sP3-iO0t50_g67V06ylsFmWBz4BZcm50wjFCk8iExyZBFSRWIZUqg5kHb9v_np7X4iEpBV0OHGkHDg_2HCK6Ck7vuyooZ6dpQx-pySKUxsg4y4S0PakDNDwXIVqltUDtwY7DU-pYiUBjdXO4gtrp9L3SfiwpNKXwXnmw3cImbehqnl5hxoM33W0iGrd6pAssl65O6M5Nh4p7sFUjtGuzpECYHF_pQbyG3bVOrd8ppmeVmLlTN1Hk1D7_d7tew-2j8edhOhyMjl_AHe6yMAfuNOU2bC5mS3wJt-yvxXQ-e1UNSQbfrxvafwCEWnQa
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lj9MwEB4tC0Jw4P0ILGAQiFPU1Hbi5IBQd0tFtauqEgvqLWs7E7YHkqVNWe1f49cxzqPbConbHrhFjpXYyed52DPfALzNcsxRWe73Ex36EmXkG2tIGDpqcR32UWRNsQk1mcSzWTLdgd9dLowLq-xkYi2os9K6PfKeINuZTF_S9728DYuYDkcfz376roKUO2ntymk0EDnEi3Ny35YfxkP61-84H306PvjstxUGfEtCufJFYgh_sTJ9IzPkQgc2ROQqjoIkl2gj3rcBBrkhvWdjQZNQgeJSSG2UiEQm6LnX4LoSQrmyEWp26ewJ8v0aJiMhkqC3dKY8NQVb-q8uE_C3MtjQhtuRmhuqb3T3f_5o9-BOa3CzQbNC7sMOFg_g9gYN40M47sIPWVmwI7dbcV5vGLPhRaF_zC370hb5Y9NFWZW0dBiZ-my8ZjOt6Nr_hqfuDexgMGH7q-Uj-Hol03oMu0VZ4FNglowenXCM0CQy4bFJUAWJVUitymDmwZsOA-lZQyqSkjPmgJKugeLBvkPHuoPjAa8bysX3tBUrqckilMbIOMuEtH2pAzQ8FyFapbVA7cF7h63USSsCkNVt0gWN0_F-pYNYkstKbr_yYK-DUNqKsWV6iR8PXq9vkwByp0q6wHLl-oQunzpU3IMnDVrXY5bkIJNBLD2It3C8NantO8X8tCY5d6wniozdZ_8e1yu4SYhOj8aTw-dwi7vizIFLstyD3Wqxwhdww_6q5svFy3p1Mji5amT_AbDffM4
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Research+on+Lightweight+Dynamic+Security+Protocol+for+Intelligent+In-Vehicle+CAN+Bus&rft.jtitle=Sensors+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Yuanhao+Wang&rft.au=Yinan+Xu&rft.au=Zhiquan+Liu&rft.au=Suya+Liu&rft.date=2025-05-27&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1424-8220&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3380&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fs25113380&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_bd6e4bb48dd34c14a0eb2f35ec7aa3ea
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon