Tutorials in Clinical Research: Part IV: Recognizing and Controlling Bias

Objective This is the fourth of a series of Tutorials in Clinical Research. 1–3 The objectives of this article are to heighten reader awareness of biases and of methods to reduce their impact and to provide an easy reference document for the reader during future journal reading. Study Design Tutoria...

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Vydané v:	The Laryngoscope Ročník 112; číslo 1; s. 23 - 31
Hlavní autori:	Hartman, James M., Forsen Jr, James W., Wallace, Mark S., Neely, J. Gail
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2002 Wiley-Blackwell
Predmet:	Bias Bias (Epidemiology) Biological and medical sciences Case-Control Studies clinical protocols Cohort Studies confounding factors Curriculum Education, Medical, Continuing Humans Medical sciences Miscellaneous Otolaryngology - education Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Publication Bias Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - statistics & numerical data research design research/methods United States North America America Design Human Reading Scientific research Article Scientific communication Clinical trial Methodological bias Review Experimental protocol Public health Recommendation
ISSN:	0023-852X, 1531-4995
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Objective This is the fourth of a series of Tutorials in Clinical Research. 1–3 The objectives of this article are to heighten reader awareness of biases and of methods to reduce their impact and to provide an easy reference document for the reader during future journal reading. Study Design Tutorial. Methods The authors met weekly for 4 months discussing clinical research articles and biases for which they might be at risk. Liberal use of reference texts and specific articles on bias were reviewed. Like the example by Sackett, biases were catalogued to create an easily understood reference. Articles were chosen to demonstrate how understanding bias might facilitate assessment of the validity of medical publications. Results The article is organized into three main sections. The first section introduces specific biases. Two tables serve as rapid reference tools. The second section describes the most common biases linked to specific research approaches and reviews techniques to minimize them. The last section demonstrates the application of the information to an article in a manner that can be applied to any article. Conclusions Assessing the validity of a medical publication requires an awareness of bias for which the research is inherently at risk. A review of the publication to determine what steps the authors did or did not undertake to minimize the impact of biases on their results and conclusions helps establish the validity. This article should be of assistance in this critical review task.
Bibliografia:	istex:271BF5DF0F9E5515F8629CC5D2CEDF6E84C4A88E ark:/67375/WNG-KCL1KLVG-J ArticleID:LARY5541120105 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0023-852X 1531-4995
DOI:	10.1097/00005537-200201000-00005