The Chemical Compositions, and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Four Types of Citrus Essential Oils

Nanfeng mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinokuni), Xunwu mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Yangshuo kumquats (Citrus japonica Thunb) and physiologically dropped navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) were used as materials to extract peel essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistill...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 11; p. 3412
Main Authors: Lin, Xiaocai, Cao, Shan, Sun, Jingyu, Lu, Dongliang, Zhong, Balian, Chun, Jiong
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 04.06.2021
MDPI
Subjects:
antibacterial
antioxidant
Antioxidants
Bacteria
citrus
Citrus fruits
Cold
essential oil
Essential oils
Flavonoids
GC-MS
Methods
Oils & fats
Physiology
Jiangxi China
China
ISSN:1420-3049, 1420-3049
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Nanfeng mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Kinokuni), Xunwu mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), Yangshuo kumquats (Citrus japonica Thunb) and physiologically dropped navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) were used as materials to extract peel essential oils (EOs) via hydrodistillation. The chemical composition, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the EOs were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major components and limonene was the predominate compound for all citrus EOs. The antibacterial testing of EOs against five different bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium) was carried out using the filter paper method and the broth microdilution method. Kumquat EO had the best inhibitory effect on B. subtilis, E. coli and S. typhimurium with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 1.56, 1.56 and 6.25 µL/mL, respectively. All citrus EOs showed the antioxidant activity of scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Nanfeng mandarin EO presented the best antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 15.20 mg/mL for the DPPH assay and 0.80 mg/mL for the ABTS assay. The results also showed that the antibacterial activities of EOs might not be related to their antioxidant activities.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules26113412