Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, diabetes, and vascular diseases

The classical perception of adipose tissue as a storage place of fatty acids has been replaced over the last years by the notion that adipose tissue has a central role in lipid and glucose metabolism and produces a large number of hormones and cytokines, e.g. tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleuki...

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Veröffentlicht in:European heart journal Jg. 29; H. 24; S. 2959
Hauptverfasser: Hajer, Gideon R, van Haeften, Timon W, Visseren, Frank L J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England 01.12.2008
Schlagworte:
Adipocytes - physiology
Adipose Tissue - physiology
Atherosclerosis - etiology
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - etiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Diabetic Angiopathies - etiology
Energy Metabolism - physiology
Female
Humans
Intra-Abdominal Fat - physiology
Leptin - secretion
Male
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Obesity - complications
Obesity - physiopathology
Risk Reduction Behavior
Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal - physiology
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ISSN:1522-9645, 1522-9645
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Zusammenfassung:The classical perception of adipose tissue as a storage place of fatty acids has been replaced over the last years by the notion that adipose tissue has a central role in lipid and glucose metabolism and produces a large number of hormones and cytokines, e.g. tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The increased prevalence of excessive visceral obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors is closely associated with the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This clustering of vascular risk factors in (visceral) obesity is often referred to as metabolic syndrome. The close relationship between an increased quantity of visceral fat, metabolic disturbances, including low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases and the unique anatomical relation to the hepatic portal circulation has led to an intense endeavour to unravel the specific endocrine functions of this visceral fat depot. The objective of this paper is to describe adipose tissue dysfunction, delineate the relation between adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity and to describe how adipose tissue dysfunction is involved in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerotic vascular diseases. First, normal physiology of adipocytes and adipose tissue will be described.
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SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:1522-9645
1522-9645
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehn387