Worldwide drinking water occurrence and levels of newly-identified perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances

•133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain PFCAs/PFSAs.•PFOS and PFOA did not exceed 5ngL−1 across the 97 samples surveyed.•2 tap water samples from Burkina Faso showed high 5:3FTCA levels...

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Vydáno v:The Science of the total environment Ročník 616-617; s. 1089 - 1100
Hlavní autoři: Kaboré, Hermann A., Vo Duy, Sung, Munoz, Gabriel, Méité, Ladji, Desrosiers, Mélanie, Liu, Jinxia, Sory, Traoré Karim, Sauvé, Sébastien
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.03.2018
Témata:
acids
Alkanesulfonates - analysis
Alkanesulfonic Acids - analysis
Bottled water
Burkina Faso
C3) sulfonates
Canada
Chile
Cote d'Ivoire
cyclohexanes
Drinking Water - chemistry
ecosystems
Environmental Monitoring
Fluorocarbons - analysis
France
Great Lakes
humans
Japan
mass spectrometry
Mexico
moieties
monitoring
Norway
Perfluorohexane sulfonamide
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
perfluorooctanoic acid
quantitative analysis
risk
Risk assessment
rivers
screening
Short-chain (C2
solid phase extraction
sulfonamides
sulfonates
Tap water
ultra-performance liquid chromatography
United States
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution, Chemical - statistics & numerical data
Water Supply - statistics & numerical data
Canada
Burkina Faso
Norway
United States
Japan
Cote d'Ivoire
Mexico
Chile
France
Great Lakes
Perfluorohexane sulfonamide
Bottled water
Tap water
Short-chain (C2
Risk assessment
C3) sulfonates
Short-chain (C
C) sulfonates
ISSN:0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026
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Shrnutí:•133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain PFCAs/PFSAs.•PFOS and PFOA did not exceed 5ngL−1 across the 97 samples surveyed.•2 tap water samples from Burkina Faso showed high 5:3FTCA levels (landfill sources).•First report of a cyclic PFSA (PFECHS) and C4–C6 FASAs (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. [Display omitted] In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C4/14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C4, C6, C8), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL−1). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑29PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL−1, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C2–C3) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C5) and PFHpS (C7)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL−1). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C4–C6 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL−1), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210