Worldwide drinking water occurrence and levels of newly-identified perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances
•133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain PFCAs/PFSAs.•PFOS and PFOA did not exceed 5ngL−1 across the 97 samples surveyed.•2 tap water samples from Burkina Faso showed high 5:3FTCA levels...
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| Published in: | The Science of the total environment Vol. 616-617; pp. 1089 - 1100 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.03.2018
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697, 1879-1026, 1879-1026 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain PFCAs/PFSAs.•PFOS and PFOA did not exceed 5ngL−1 across the 97 samples surveyed.•2 tap water samples from Burkina Faso showed high 5:3FTCA levels (landfill sources).•First report of a cyclic PFSA (PFECHS) and C4–C6 FASAs (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water.
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In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C4/14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C4, C6, C8), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL−1). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑29PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL−1, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C2–C3) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C5) and PFHpS (C7)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL−1). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C4–C6 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL−1), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels. |
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| AbstractList | In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015-2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C4/14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C4, C6, C8), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL-1). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑29PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL-1, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C2-C3) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C5) and PFHpS (C7)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL-1). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C4-C6 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL-1), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels.In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015-2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C4/14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C4, C6, C8), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL-1). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑29PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL-1, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C2-C3) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C5) and PFHpS (C7)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL-1). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C4-C6 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL-1), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels. In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C₄/₁₄), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C₄, C₆, C₈), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL⁻¹). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑₂₉PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL⁻¹, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C₂–C₃) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C₅) and PFHpS (C₇)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL⁻¹). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C₄–C₆ perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL⁻¹), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels. In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015-2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C ), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C , C , C ), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL ). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑ PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL , respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C -C ) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C ) and PFHpS (C )) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL ). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C -C perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL ), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels. •133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain PFCAs/PFSAs.•PFOS and PFOA did not exceed 5ngL−1 across the 97 samples surveyed.•2 tap water samples from Burkina Faso showed high 5:3FTCA levels (landfill sources).•First report of a cyclic PFSA (PFECHS) and C4–C6 FASAs (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. [Display omitted] In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking water, and humans. In this study, the occurrence and levels of a large range of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were investigated in drinking water (bottled and tap water samples) from various locations around the world. Automated off-line solid phase extraction followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze PFASs of various chain lengths and functional groups. In total, 29 target and 104 suspect-target PFASs were screened in drinking water samples (n=97) from Canada and other countries (Burkina Faso, Chile, Ivory Coast, France, Japan, Mexico, Norway, and the USA) in 2015–2016. Out of the 29 PFASs quantitatively analyzed, perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs: C4/14), perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs: C4, C6, C8), and perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (e.g., 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylate (5:3 FTCA)) were recurrently detected in drinking water samples (concentration range: <LOD to 39ngL−1). Tap water samples from Canada showed noteworthy differences depending on their source; for instance, ∑29PFASwas significantly greater in those produced from the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River ecosystem than those produced from other types of sources (14 versus 5.3ngL−1, respectively). A suspect-target screening approach indicated that other perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA), perfluoroethyl cyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), ultrashort chain (C2–C3) PFSAs (PFEtS, PFPrS), and two additional PFSAs (PFPeS (C5) and PFHpS (C7)) were repeatedly present in tap water samples (concentration ranges: <LOD to 4.0ngL−1). To the authors' best knowledge, this constitutes the first observation of a cyclic perfluoroalkane sulfonate (PFECHS) and C4–C6 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) in drinking water. According to the newly updated US EPA health advisory for PFOS and PFOA (70ngL−1), the drinking water samples collected in the present monitoring would not pose a health risk to consumers as regards PFAA levels. |
| Author | Sory, Traoré Karim Kaboré, Hermann A. Liu, Jinxia Desrosiers, Mélanie Munoz, Gabriel Méité, Ladji Sauvé, Sébastien Vo Duy, Sung |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hermann A. surname: Kaboré fullname: Kaboré, Hermann A. organization: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Sung surname: Vo Duy fullname: Vo Duy, Sung organization: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Gabriel surname: Munoz fullname: Munoz, Gabriel organization: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Ladji orcidid: 0000-0003-3009-4151 surname: Méité fullname: Méité, Ladji organization: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Unité de Formation et de Gestion des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast – sequence: 5 givenname: Mélanie surname: Desrosiers fullname: Desrosiers, Mélanie organization: Centre d'Expertise en Analyse Environnementale du Québec, Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, 2700 Einstein Street, Quebec City G1P 3W8, QC, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinxia surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Jinxia organization: Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrook Street West, Montreal H3A 0C3, QC, Canada – sequence: 7 givenname: Traoré Karim surname: Sory fullname: Sory, Traoré Karim organization: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Unité de Formation et de Gestion des Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast – sequence: 8 givenname: Sébastien orcidid: 0000-0001-8584-1690 surname: Sauvé fullname: Sauvé, Sébastien email: sebastien.sauve@umontreal.ca organization: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100694$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Perfluorohexane sulfonamide Bottled water Tap water Short-chain (C2 Risk assessment C3) sulfonates Short-chain (C C) sulfonates |
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12 Munoz (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0255) 2015; 881 Drinking Water Inspectorate (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0085) Loos (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0215) 2007; 387 Place (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0280) 2012; 46 Schymanski (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0335) 2014; 48 US EPA (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0360) Gonzalez-Gaya (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0130) 2014; 48 McGuire (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0225) 2014; 48 Hansen (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0145) 2016; 94 Houde (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0170) 2013; 92 Mejia-Avendaño (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0230) 2016; 50 Scott (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0340) 2009; 44 Danish Environmental Protection Agency (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0055) 2015 Gellrich (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0115) 2013; 48 Valsecchi (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0370) 2015; 129 Schaider (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0325) 2017; 4 Takagi (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0350) 2008; 72 Munoz (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0250) 2015; 517 Olsen (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0275) 2012; 46 Ericson (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.210_bb0090) 2009; 57 |
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| Snippet | •133 PFASs from different chemical classes were screened in drinking water samples.•Detection frequencies in tap water were high (64–92%) for short-chain... In the last decade or so, concerns have arisen with respect to the widespread occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment, food, drinking... |
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| Title | Worldwide drinking water occurrence and levels of newly-identified perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances |
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