Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of socia...

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Vydáno v:Journal of the American Heart Association Ročník 11; číslo 16; s. e026493
Hlavní autoři: Cené, Crystal W., Beckie, Theresa M., Sims, Mario, Suglia, Shakira F., Aggarwal, Brooke, Moise, Nathalie, Jiménez, Monik C., Gaye, Bamba, McCullough, Louise D.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Wiley 16.08.2022
Témata:
AHA Scientific Statements
American Heart Association
Brain
brain health
cardiovascular health
Humans
loneliness
Loneliness - psychology
Risk Factors
social isolation
Social Isolation - psychology
social isolation
loneliness
brain health
cardiovascular health
AHA Scientific Statements
ISSN:2047-9980, 2047-9980
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Shrnutí:Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular and brain health and discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review of available research. We searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus. Findings Evidence is most consistent for a direct association between social isolation, loneliness, and coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. However, data on the association between social isolation and loneliness with heart failure, dementia, and cognitive impairment are sparse and less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways between social isolation, loneliness, and cardiovascular and brain health outcomes using appropriate methods for explanatory analyses. Notably, the effect estimates are small, and there may be unmeasured confounders of the associations. Research in groups that may be at higher risk or more vulnerable to the effects of social isolation is limited. We did not find any intervention studies that sought to reduce the adverse impact of social isolation or loneliness on cardiovascular or brain health outcomes. Conclusions Social isolation and loneliness are common and appear to be independent risk factors for worse cardiovascular and brain health; however, consistency of the associations varies by outcome. There is a need to develop, implement, and test interventions to improve cardiovascular and brain health for individuals who are socially isolated or lonely.
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ISSN:2047-9980
2047-9980
DOI:10.1161/JAHA.122.026493