Trans-cVAE-GAN: Transformer-Based cVAE-GAN for High-Fidelity EEG Signal Generation

Electroencephalography signal generation remains a challenging task due to its non-stationarity, multi-scale oscillations, and strong spatiotemporal coupling. Conventional generative models, including VAEs and GAN variants such as DCGAN, WGAN, and WGAN-GP, often yield blurred waveforms, unstable spe...

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Vydáno v:	Bioengineering (Basel) Ročník 12; číslo 10; s. 1028
Hlavní autoři:	Yao, Yiduo, Wang, Xiao, Hao, Xudong, Sun, Hongyu, Dong, Ruixin, Li, Yansheng
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland MDPI AG 26.09.2025
Témata:	Ablation Affective computing Biochips Brain Comparative analysis Computer applications conditional variational autoencoder Conditioning Control stability Controllability Design EEG Electric transformers Electroencephalography Emotion recognition Emotions Fourier transforms generative adversarial network Generative adversarial networks generative modeling Human-computer interface Implants Labels Liquors Machine learning Measurement techniques Neural networks Neurophysiology Oscillations Realism Semantics Signal generation Time series transformer Waveforms Wavelet transforms generative adversarial network conditional variational autoencoder transformer generative modeling
ISSN:	2306-5354, 2306-5354
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Electroencephalography signal generation remains a challenging task due to its non-stationarity, multi-scale oscillations, and strong spatiotemporal coupling. Conventional generative models, including VAEs and GAN variants such as DCGAN, WGAN, and WGAN-GP, often yield blurred waveforms, unstable spectral distributions, or lack semantic controllability, limiting their effectiveness in emotion-related applications. To address these challenges, this research proposes a Transformer-based conditional variational autoencoder–generative adversarial network (Trans-cVAE-GAN) that combines Transformer-driven temporal modeling, label-conditioned latent inference, and adversarial learning. A multi-dimensional structural loss further constrains generation by preserving temporal correlation, frequency-domain consistency, and statistical distribution. Experiments on three SEED-family datasets—SEED, SEED-FRA, and SEED-GER—demonstrate high similarity to real EEG, with representative mean ± SD correlations of Pearson ≈ 0.84 ± 0.08/0.74 ± 0.12/0.84 ± 0.07 and Spearman ≈ 0.82 ± 0.07/0.72 ± 0.12/0.83 ± 0.08, together with low spectral divergence (KL ≈ 0.39 ± 0.15/0.41 ± 0.20/0.37 ± 0.18). Comparative analyses show consistent gains over classical GAN baselines, while ablations verify the indispensable roles of the Transformer encoder, label conditioning, and cVAE module. In downstream emotion recognition, augmentation with generated EEG raises accuracy from 86.9% to 91.8% on SEED (with analogous gains on SEED-FRA and SEED-GER), underscoring enhanced generalization and robustness. These results confirm that the proposed approach simultaneously ensures fidelity, stability, and controllability across cohorts, offering a scalable solution for affective computing and brain–computer interface applications.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	2306-5354 2306-5354
DOI:	10.3390/bioengineering12101028