Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1-infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study
We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 56; no. 5; p. 727 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
01.03.2013
|
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1537-6591, 1537-6591 |
| Online Access: | Get more information |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.
A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.
In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.
A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.
In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BACKGROUNDWe assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.METHODSWe estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.RESULTSA total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population.CONCLUSIONSIn a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. |
| Author | Helleberg, Marie Larsen, Carsten S Afzal, Shoaib Kronborg, Gitte Nordestgaard, Børge G Pedersen, Court Pedersen, Gitte Gerstoft, Jan Obel, Niels |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marie surname: Helleberg fullname: Helleberg, Marie email: mhelleberg@sund.ku.dk organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. mhelleberg@sund.ku.dk – sequence: 2 givenname: Shoaib surname: Afzal fullname: Afzal, Shoaib – sequence: 3 givenname: Gitte surname: Kronborg fullname: Kronborg, Gitte – sequence: 4 givenname: Carsten S surname: Larsen fullname: Larsen, Carsten S – sequence: 5 givenname: Gitte surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Gitte – sequence: 6 givenname: Court surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Court – sequence: 7 givenname: Jan surname: Gerstoft fullname: Gerstoft, Jan – sequence: 8 givenname: Børge G surname: Nordestgaard fullname: Nordestgaard, Børge G – sequence: 9 givenname: Niels surname: Obel fullname: Obel, Niels |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254417$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNpNkE1PwzAMhiM0xD7gwg9AOXKg0KRNsnJDEzCkIS7AtXI-CoE2KU0C2r-ngiFx8Gtbfl5b8hxNnHcGoWOSn5O8Ki6U1WOEqij20IywQmScVWTyr56ieQhveU7IMmcHaEoLysqSiBny936I0Nq4xRDjYGWKIFuDo8eh8-_WvWDo_Kjru-eMZNY1RkWjsXXaflqdoA2XGLCDaL37stqc4d73qf3pMwlhZJV_HY_gEJPeHqL9ZvSYo11eoKeb68fVOts83N6trjaZKnkVM8W4olpKToAxUTYVlywHwYFpbbhUEpRiqhEgGGhloBBGjIOCN0SbpqJ0gU5_9_aD_0gmxLqzQZm2BWd8CjWhy5LTkubViJ7s0CQ7o-t-sB0M2_rvSfQbUupt8w |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_07_022 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2021_106420 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_07_025 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molstruc_2021_131168 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12931_024_02859_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntu136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2019_03_011 crossref_primary_10_1590_1413_812320182311_09612016 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10880_020_09744_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_10538720_2020_1799473 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntaa277 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0150553 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2016_10_008 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_70374_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001279 crossref_primary_10_1002_cncy_22097 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000283 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_022_03797_0 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12358 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0184583 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2021_808722 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph14070799 crossref_primary_10_1089_lgbt_2013_0012 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000681 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_021_03428_0 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41572_023_00450_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2021_106551 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_cit349 crossref_primary_10_2174_1874613601509010023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cjca_2018_11_005 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2021_1909697 crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0000000000000330 crossref_primary_10_1177_1179173X211053349 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000001081 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2020_108128 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000326 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11886_016_0794_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s12350_016_0731_9 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0950268816003149 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_nty176 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_70021 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrcardio_2014_167 crossref_primary_10_1089_apc_2020_0145 crossref_primary_10_1177_13591053241284083 crossref_primary_10_1097_JNC_0000000000000029 crossref_primary_10_1097_JNC_0000000000000027 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiw430 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2018_1466985 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000960 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002127 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjph_2023_000776 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1315854 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2019_106151 crossref_primary_10_2147_COPD_S388142 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_018_9806_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2352_3018_15_00077_6 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000413 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_020_02952_9 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_117_028975 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000410 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001030 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000654 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001270 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0097698 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0115900 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10865_015_9620_y crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000005227 crossref_primary_10_1590_0102_311x00124215 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000002330 crossref_primary_10_1186_1741_7015_11_251 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2017_01_015 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_015_0281_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2019_1703891 crossref_primary_10_1080_15332985_2014_984888 crossref_primary_10_1002_slct_202302250 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_017_2626_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_024_04279_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12092060 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_016_0333_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mcna_2015_05_010 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntaa262 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000306 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_04_033 crossref_primary_10_1097_JNC_0000000000000492 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000071 crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2017_0128 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001007 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0107451 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13365_016_0438_3 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2017_1330532 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_13251 crossref_primary_10_2196_10976 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2014_12_003 crossref_primary_10_1097_ADM_0000000000000172 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002815 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000002208 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10552_021_01396_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12955_015_0366_6 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2013_003245 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2018_1500007 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0153103 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0189392 crossref_primary_10_1136_thoraxjnl_2016_208657 crossref_primary_10_1080_00981389_2020_1814938 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2021_106475 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_017_1580_y crossref_primary_10_2196_33183 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000003089 crossref_primary_10_1158_1541_7786_MCR_16_0255 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_025_04727_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_968532 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2017_11_010 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2019_00094 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2014_02_008 crossref_primary_10_1089_apc_2015_0094 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000407 crossref_primary_10_1521_aeap_2021_33_2_158 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiv247 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2023_2188161 crossref_primary_10_1586_14779072_2013_832481 crossref_primary_10_1080_17435889_2025_2461984 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jana_2013_04_005 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpt_3387 crossref_primary_10_1093_tbm_ibac022 crossref_primary_10_1590_0102_311X00027113 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_123_029228 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0237772 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13365_018_0623_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_0956462414521169 crossref_primary_10_1097_MAJ_0000000000000318 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2017_03_023 crossref_primary_10_1111_imj_12381 crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed7110349 crossref_primary_10_1111_1475_6773_13259 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003138 crossref_primary_10_1183_13993003_00353_2015 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000540 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0188088 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacl_2015_09_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_1744666X_2021_1886080 crossref_primary_10_1515_pubhef_2020_0075 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000001976 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2013_11_010 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_ro_2019_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_019_09897_4 crossref_primary_10_1089_trgh_2020_0168 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_1894160 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000063 crossref_primary_10_1517_17425255_2015_996546 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_7375831 crossref_primary_10_2989_16085906_2019_1621910 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40429_016_0090_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jiph_2025_102654 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002736 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpcardiol_2025_103101 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_017_1928_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_013_0168_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyu153 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells9040864 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2025_108061 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciy176 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12843 crossref_primary_10_1097_JNC_0000000000000576 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0169359 crossref_primary_10_1002_jia2_25161 crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofz303 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_018_2069_6 crossref_primary_10_1097_COH_0000000000000069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amepre_2017_05_018 crossref_primary_10_1080_10826084_2017_1334064 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2016_09_007 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciy508 crossref_primary_10_1155_arat_8814760 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2016_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1080_14659891_2019_1652364 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000002880 crossref_primary_10_1177_21501319241276790 crossref_primary_10_1089_apc_2019_0094 crossref_primary_10_1080_14659891_2019_1604844 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0271946 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000226 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0204550 crossref_primary_10_1089_jwh_2020_8656 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugpo_2021_103349 crossref_primary_10_1097_CCO_0b013e328363e04a crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwy092 crossref_primary_10_1515_ijamh_2023_0001 crossref_primary_10_3109_16066359_2014_920013 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002980 crossref_primary_10_1089_aid_2013_0280 crossref_primary_10_5888_pcd21_230115 crossref_primary_10_7326_M21_0065 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001797 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_014_0737_8 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_020_05417_3 crossref_primary_10_7326_M14_0954 crossref_primary_10_1002_cncr_35351 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2023_2180476 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneuroim_2024_578468 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_thromres_2021_01_020 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000004015 crossref_primary_10_14814_phy2_16158 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_nty208 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13722_022_00341_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s15010_013_0535_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40265_016_0546_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000457 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_016_0331_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jinf_2013_05_004 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_013_0576_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s40506_019_00207_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001784 crossref_primary_10_1002_cpt_3068 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_65841_0 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciaa413 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph16183380 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_34249_x crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000579 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000003030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2021_106486 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0212273 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntw016 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2024_2372718 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2020_1799923 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_civ013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s15006_020_0015_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_vim_2013_0130 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ccm_2013_02_002 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_24291_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajpc_2024_100888 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2015_01_015 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_016_1634_0 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000001895 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2025_106348 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_019_09853_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntx210 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_013_0663_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11883_018_0727_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cct_2021_106379 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaa600 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_020_09963_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_14728222_2018_1501473 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_12671 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000675 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_013_0166_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11886_022_01741_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciu051 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_83731_x crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001441 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_12647 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1553_7250_16_42028_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000001682 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntw130 crossref_primary_10_1186_1742_6405_10_29 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2017_1327645 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntw111 crossref_primary_10_1177_2325957417711253 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph18063111 crossref_primary_10_1155_2016_9026573 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12981_018_0213_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtho_2016_06_026 crossref_primary_10_1136_bcr_2017_221025 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000003132 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_025_04735_6 crossref_primary_10_1111_hiv_70044 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_017_4940_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2018_1484070 crossref_primary_10_2147_COPD_S301579 crossref_primary_10_1177_0193945920912946 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40506_014_0023_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000243 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10865_023_00401_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1521_0391_2014_12145_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_015_1273_x crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000002271 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000003242 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2021_054208 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11904_015_0284_6 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_6835146 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2458_14_149 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0118185 crossref_primary_10_1136_tobaccocontrol_2016_053273 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000003089 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1002489 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002791 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2024_2354224 crossref_primary_10_2217_fvl_15_19 crossref_primary_10_3390_life14040522 crossref_primary_10_1155_2018_8357109 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2016_014643 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0189207 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41569_019_0219_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_018_3518_6 crossref_primary_10_1002_14651858_CD011120_pub3 crossref_primary_10_1056_EVIDoa2400090 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2015_1120854 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehw630 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntw212 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjresp_2018_000395 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2014_963017 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2020_1778627 crossref_primary_10_1080_09540121_2021_1929813 crossref_primary_10_1093_ntr_ntaf115 crossref_primary_10_1080_17476348_2023_2272702 crossref_primary_10_1177_1179173X211053357 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000523 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_017_1863_x crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000002327 crossref_primary_10_1513_AnnalsATS_201606_492OC crossref_primary_10_1080_23744235_2025_2515157 crossref_primary_10_2196_58063 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rce_2013_03_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_breast_2022_08_001 crossref_primary_10_1097_JNC_0000000000000185 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amepre_2014_02_010 crossref_primary_10_1053_j_seminoncol_2015_09_011 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_cit207 crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofae132 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciab1069 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_020_03048_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_healun_2014_04_015 crossref_primary_10_2174_1874613601913010001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2019_03_008 crossref_primary_10_11604_pamj_2019_34_42_14526 crossref_primary_10_1177_2325957416649439 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13070540 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_016_3637_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bjid_2017_06_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addbeh_2017_11_035 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2016_03_020 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10461_014_0762_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000004727 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAD_0000000000000032 crossref_primary_10_1097_QAI_0000000000000759 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0161594 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13365_017_0526_z crossref_primary_10_1517_17425255_2013_816285 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amjmed_2018_01_011 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1093/cid/cis933 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | no_fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1537-6591 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 23254417 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | Denmark |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Denmark |
| GroupedDBID | --- ..I .2P .GJ .I3 .ZR 08P 0R~ 1KJ 1TH 29B 2AX 2WC 36B 3O- 4.4 48X 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 5WD 6J9 70D AABZA AACGO AACZT AAJKP AAJQQ AAMVS AANCE AAOGV AAPGJ AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AAQQT AARHZ AAUAY AAUQX AAVAP AAWDT ABBHK ABDFA ABEJV ABEUO ABGNP ABIXL ABJNI ABKDP ABLJU ABNGD ABNHQ ABNKS ABOCM ABPLY ABPQP ABPTD ABQLI ABQNK ABSMQ ABTLG ABVGC ABWST ABXSQ ABXVV ABZBJ ACFRR ACGFO ACGFS ACHIC ACPQN ACPRK ACUFI ACUKT ACUTJ ACUTO ACVCV ACYHN ACZBC ADBBV ADEYI ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADIPN ADMTO ADNBA ADOCK ADQBN ADQXQ ADRTK ADULT ADVEK ADYVW ADZXQ AEGPL AEGXH AEJOX AEKPW AEKSI AEMDU AEMQT AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEUPB AEWNT AEXZC AFFNX AFFQV AFFZL AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AFSHK AFXAL AFYAG AGINJ AGKEF AGKRT AGMDO AGORE AGQPQ AGQXC AGSYK AGUTN AHGBF AHMBA AHMMS AHXPO AI. AIAGR AIJHB AJBYB AJDVS AJEEA AJNCP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC ALXQX APIBT APJGH APWMN AQDSO AQKUS AQVQM ASPBG ATGXG AVNTJ AVWKF AXUDD AZFZN BAWUL BAYMD BCRHZ BEYMZ BHONS BTRTY BVRKM BZKNY C1A C45 CDBKE CGR CS3 CUY CVF CZ4 DAKXR DCCCD DIK DILTD DU5 D~K E3Z EBS ECM EE~ EIF EIHJH EJD EMOBN ENERS F5P F9B FECEO FEDTE FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK GAUVT GJXCC H13 H5~ HAR HQ3 HTVGU HVGLF HW0 HZ~ IOX IPSME J21 J5H JAAYA JBMMH JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLS JLXEF JPM JSG JST JXSIZ KAQDR KBUDW KOP KSI KSN L7B MBLQV MHKGH MJL ML0 N4W N9A NGC NOMLY NOYVH NPM NU- NVLIB O0~ O9- OAUYM OAWHX OBFPC OCZFY ODMLO ODZKP OJQWA OJZSN OK1 OPAEJ OVD OWPYF O~Y P2P P6G PAFKI PB- PEELM PQQKQ Q1. Q5Y QBD RD5 ROX ROZ RUSNO RW1 RXO SA0 SJN TCURE TEORI TJX TMA TR2 VH1 W8F X7H Y6R YAYTL YKOAZ YXANX ZGI ~91 ~S- 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-c56c2dbb61a5574f96b50a76a5dde6bcbacc5cf7a75adcea37e7de636f1def922 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X8 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 365 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000315060200021&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1537-6591 |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 09 12:05:39 EST 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:03:31 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c469t-c56c2dbb61a5574f96b50a76a5dde6bcbacc5cf7a75adcea37e7de636f1def922 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/56/5/727/17851090/cis933.pdf |
| PMID | 23254417 |
| PQID | 1284624209 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1284624209 pubmed_primary_23254417 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2013-03-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-03-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2013 text: 2013-03-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Clinical infectious diseases |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Clin Infect Dis |
| PublicationYear | 2013 |
| SSID | ssj0011805 |
| Score | 2.5750372 |
| Snippet | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios... We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BACKGROUNDWe assessed mortality attributable to smoking... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 727 |
| SubjectTerms | Adult Cause of Death Cohort Studies Denmark - epidemiology Female HIV Infections - mortality HIV-1 - pathogenicity Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Smoking - mortality |
| Title | Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1-infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254417 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1284624209 |
| Volume | 56 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000315060200021&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NS8MwFA_qRLz4_TG_iODR4NosSeNFRBwT3NhBZbeSviTQg-tcq_77Jmm3nQTBSw9tAuXl5eWX9_VD6Ip2bJYkUhAlqCDdhAHJLHQJVZontptEUDdJehbDYTIey1HjcCubtMq5TQyGWhfgfeQ33o76WoaOvJt-EM8a5aOrDYXGKmpRB2V8SpcYL6MIURJSGN2mFoQzGc3bk0p6A26pIS-lJ8z9DVqGI6a3_d-f20FbDbjE97U27KIVM9lDG4MmfL6PikEA2w54Y1XVVFe-cgpXBS7fC-80x4F8CPef3tylr07UMhrni6qt8hYrXDsQv3NtrvF0QQBG_IGosWfcnVU4tK09QK-9x5eHPmkYFwi4a3JFgHGIdZbxSDEmulbyjHWU4Io5K8gzyBQAAyuUYEqDUVQY4T5QbiNtrIzjQ7Q2KSbmGGHJpaJSG2MdgJBCScnADYu1exkrStvoci7K1Gm0D1OoiSk-y3QpzDY6qtcjndatN1KH_wJp2skfZp-izThwV_iEsTPUsk5I5hytw1eVl7OLoCruORwNfgCMMMzO |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mortality+attributable+to+smoking+among+HIV-1-infected+individuals%3A+a+nationwide%2C+population-based+cohort+study&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Helleberg%2C+Marie&rft.au=Afzal%2C+Shoaib&rft.au=Kronborg%2C+Gitte&rft.au=Larsen%2C+Carsten+S&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.eissn=1537-6591&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=727&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fcid%2Fcis933&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23254417&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23254417&rft.externalDocID=23254417 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1537-6591&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1537-6591&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1537-6591&client=summon |