Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1-infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study
We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and...
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| Published in: | Clinical infectious diseases Vol. 56; no. 5; p. 727 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
01.03.2013
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1537-6591, 1537-6591 |
| Online Access: | Get more information |
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| Abstract | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.
A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.
In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. |
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| AbstractList | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BACKGROUNDWe assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.METHODSWe estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals.A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.RESULTSA total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls.In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population.CONCLUSIONSIn a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios (MRRs), life expectancies, life-years lost, and population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking and with HIV among current and nonsmoking individuals from a population-based, nationwide HIV cohort and a cohort of matched HIV-negative individuals. A total of 2921 HIV patients and 10 642 controls were followed for 14 281 and 45 122 person-years, respectively. All-cause and non-AIDS-related mortality was substantially increased among smoking compared to nonsmoking HIV patients (MRR, 4.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.0-6.7] and 5.3 [95% CI, 3.2-8.8], respectively). Excess MR per 1000 person-years among current vs nonsmokers was 17.6 (95% CI, 13.3-21.9) for HIV patients and 4.8 (95% CI, 3.2-6.4) for controls. A 35-year-old HIV patient had a median life expectancy of 62.6 years (95% CI, 59.9-64.6) for smokers and 78.4 years (95% CI, 70.8-84.0) for nonsmokers; the numbers of life-years lost in association with smoking and HIV were 12.3 (95% CI, 8.1-16.4) and 5.1 (95% CI, 1.6-8.5). The population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking was 61.5% among HIV patients and 34.2% among controls. In a setting where HIV care is well organized and antiretroviral therapy is free of charge, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV. The excess mortality of smokers is tripled and the population-attributable risk of death associated with smoking is doubled among HIV patients compared to the background population. |
| Author | Helleberg, Marie Larsen, Carsten S Afzal, Shoaib Kronborg, Gitte Nordestgaard, Børge G Pedersen, Court Pedersen, Gitte Gerstoft, Jan Obel, Niels |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marie surname: Helleberg fullname: Helleberg, Marie email: mhelleberg@sund.ku.dk organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. mhelleberg@sund.ku.dk – sequence: 2 givenname: Shoaib surname: Afzal fullname: Afzal, Shoaib – sequence: 3 givenname: Gitte surname: Kronborg fullname: Kronborg, Gitte – sequence: 4 givenname: Carsten S surname: Larsen fullname: Larsen, Carsten S – sequence: 5 givenname: Gitte surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Gitte – sequence: 6 givenname: Court surname: Pedersen fullname: Pedersen, Court – sequence: 7 givenname: Jan surname: Gerstoft fullname: Gerstoft, Jan – sequence: 8 givenname: Børge G surname: Nordestgaard fullname: Nordestgaard, Børge G – sequence: 9 givenname: Niels surname: Obel fullname: Obel, Niels |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254417$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
We estimated mortality rates (MRs), mortality rate ratios... We assessed mortality attributable to smoking among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BACKGROUNDWe assessed mortality attributable to smoking... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Cause of Death Cohort Studies Denmark - epidemiology Female HIV Infections - mortality HIV-1 - pathogenicity Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Life Expectancy Male Middle Aged Risk Factors Smoking - mortality |
| Title | Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1-infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study |
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