FPGA Implementation of the Chirp-Scaling Algorithm for Real-Time Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a representative SAR imaging algorithm. The CSA has a simple structure comprising phase compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) operatio...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 2; p. 959 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
14.01.2023
MDPI |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220, 1424-8220 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a representative SAR imaging algorithm. The CSA has a simple structure comprising phase compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations by replacing interpolation for range cell migration correction (RCMC) with phase compensation. However, real-time processing still requires many computations and a long execution time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hardware accelerator to improve the speed of algorithm processing. In addition, the demand for a small SAR system that can be mounted on a small aircraft or drone and that satisfies the constraints of area and power consumption is increasing. In this study, we proposed a CSA-based SAR processor that supports FFT and phase compensation operations and presents field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation results. We also proposed a modified CSA flow that simplifies the traditional CSA flow by changing the order in which the transpose operation occurs. Therefore, the proposed CSA-based SAR processor was designed to be suitable for modified CSA flow. We designed the multiplier for FFT to be shared for phase compensation, thereby achieving area efficiency and simplifying the data flow. The proposed CSA-based SAR processor was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ MPSoC FPGA device and designed using Verilog-HDL. After comparing the execution times of the proposed SAR processor and the ARM cortex-A53 microprocessor, we observed a 136.2-fold increase in speed for the 4096 × 4096-pixel image. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a representative SAR imaging algorithm. The CSA has a simple structure comprising phase compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations by replacing interpolation for range cell migration correction (RCMC) with phase compensation. However, real-time processing still requires many computations and a long execution time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hardware accelerator to improve the speed of algorithm processing. In addition, the demand for a small SAR system that can be mounted on a small aircraft or drone and that satisfies the constraints of area and power consumption is increasing. In this study, we proposed a CSA-based SAR processor that supports FFT and phase compensation operations and presents field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation results. We also proposed a modified CSA flow that simplifies the traditional CSA flow by changing the order in which the transpose operation occurs. Therefore, the proposed CSA-based SAR processor was designed to be suitable for modified CSA flow. We designed the multiplier for FFT to be shared for phase compensation, thereby achieving area efficiency and simplifying the data flow. The proposed CSA-based SAR processor was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ MPSoC FPGA device and designed using Verilog-HDL. After comparing the execution times of the proposed SAR processor and the ARM cortex-A53 microprocessor, we observed a 136.2-fold increase in speed for the 4096 × 4096-pixel image. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a representative SAR imaging algorithm. The CSA has a simple structure comprising phase compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations by replacing interpolation for range cell migration correction (RCMC) with phase compensation. However, real-time processing still requires many computations and a long execution time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hardware accelerator to improve the speed of algorithm processing. In addition, the demand for a small SAR system that can be mounted on a small aircraft or drone and that satisfies the constraints of area and power consumption is increasing. In this study, we proposed a CSA-based SAR processor that supports FFT and phase compensation operations and presents field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation results. We also proposed a modified CSA flow that simplifies the traditional CSA flow by changing the order in which the transpose operation occurs. Therefore, the proposed CSA-based SAR processor was designed to be suitable for modified CSA flow. We designed the multiplier for FFT to be shared for phase compensation, thereby achieving area efficiency and simplifying the data flow. The proposed CSA-based SAR processor was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ MPSoC FPGA device and designed using Verilog-HDL. After comparing the execution times of the proposed SAR processor and the ARM cortex-A53 microprocessor, we observed a 136.2-fold increase in speed for the 4096 × 4096-pixel image.Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a representative SAR imaging algorithm. The CSA has a simple structure comprising phase compensation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations by replacing interpolation for range cell migration correction (RCMC) with phase compensation. However, real-time processing still requires many computations and a long execution time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a hardware accelerator to improve the speed of algorithm processing. In addition, the demand for a small SAR system that can be mounted on a small aircraft or drone and that satisfies the constraints of area and power consumption is increasing. In this study, we proposed a CSA-based SAR processor that supports FFT and phase compensation operations and presents field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation results. We also proposed a modified CSA flow that simplifies the traditional CSA flow by changing the order in which the transpose operation occurs. Therefore, the proposed CSA-based SAR processor was designed to be suitable for modified CSA flow. We designed the multiplier for FFT to be shared for phase compensation, thereby achieving area efficiency and simplifying the data flow. The proposed CSA-based SAR processor was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ MPSoC FPGA device and designed using Verilog-HDL. After comparing the execution times of the proposed SAR processor and the ARM cortex-A53 microprocessor, we observed a 136.2-fold increase in speed for the 4096 × 4096-pixel image. |
| Author | Jeong, Dongmin Lee, Seongwook Lee, Myeongjin Lee, Wookyung Jung, Yunho Lee, Jaehyeon |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Republic of Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Smart Air Mobility, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Republic of Korea – name: 1 School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Goyang-si 10540, Republic of Korea |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jaehyeon orcidid: 0000-0001-6802-9115 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Jaehyeon – sequence: 2 givenname: Dongmin orcidid: 0000-0003-1830-1840 surname: Jeong fullname: Jeong, Dongmin – sequence: 3 givenname: Seongwook orcidid: 0000-0001-9115-4897 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Seongwook – sequence: 4 givenname: Myeongjin orcidid: 0000-0002-3136-2819 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Myeongjin – sequence: 5 givenname: Wookyung orcidid: 0000-0003-2092-2048 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Wookyung – sequence: 6 givenname: Yunho orcidid: 0000-0003-2299-9911 surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Yunho |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679756$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNptkktr3DAQgEVJaZJtD_0DRdBLe3Cjl_W4FJalSRcCLUl6FrIsebXI1la2A_n3VbLJkoSeJEbffIxm5hQcDWlwAHzE6BulCp2NhCKCVK3egBPMCKskIejo2f0YnI7jFiFCKZXvwDHlXChR8xNgzn9fLOG630XXu2EyU0gDTB5OGwdXm5B31bU1MQwdXMYu5TBteuhThlfOxOom9A5e3w0FnoKFy53L05wdvDKtyUVqupL4Hrz1Jo7uw-O5AH_Of9ysflaXvy7Wq-VlZRlXU9Uo6ykyiDgrKfdcyla0CktTE2klZthT2VLZNK0zhjaOIUF9TWmDhVW0dnQB1ntvm8xW73LoTb7TyQT9EEi50yaXMqPTbSNw23COPPGsJapYrWDOGitQiTTF9X3v2s1N71pbOpNNfCF9-TKEje7SrVaSM4RZEXx5FOT0d3bjpPswWhejGVyaR00El4QSpnBBP79Ct2nOQ2nVPSWIorxMbQE-Pa_oUMrTJAvwdQ_YnMYxO39AMNL3W6IPW1LYs1esDfvRl8-E-J-MfyG-vec |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_app14177601 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs16071273 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTARS_2025_3586107 crossref_primary_10_26634_jcs_14_1_21606 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23136220 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpro_2024_105022 crossref_primary_10_3390_s24196418 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s40031-020-00508-y 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350453 10.3390/s16040494 10.1109/MC.1982.1653825 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045119 10.1016/0045-8732(91)90094-O 10.3390/s19153409 10.1109/MASSP.1985.1163741 10.1109/TIP.2003.819861 10.3390/electronics10080895 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2507878 10.3390/electronics10172133 10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7325819 10.1109/4.84946 10.3390/rs14051258 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2253447 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2558505 10.1177/0309133309339563 10.1109/TSP.2005.859216 10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7729303 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518256 10.1080/01431161.2013.846488 10.1109/78.757223 10.1017/S1759078721000416 10.2528/PIERB07110101 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2023 by the authors. 2023 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2023 by the authors. 2023 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/s23020959 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1424-8220 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_db71db660f2f4d298bbc74ecac702f4b PMC9864014 36679756 10_3390_s23020959 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Agency for Defense Development grantid: Next-Generation SAR research lab – fundername: Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FG 8FI 8FJ AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFFHD AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I DU5 E3Z EBD ESX F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HH5 HMCUK HYE IAO ITC KQ8 L6V M1P M48 MODMG M~E OK1 OVT P2P P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PPXIY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNS RPM TUS UKHRP XSB ~8M ALIPV NPM 3V. 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 PUEGO 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c469t-b9cf30a02ec836f688d7d918a528c8141f38d38bbdeaa3be4073f533b17c935e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | 7X7 |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 7 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000927612000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1424-8220 |
| IngestDate | Tue Oct 14 19:09:10 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 02:06:46 EST 2025 Fri Sep 05 08:17:27 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 07:20:19 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:38:26 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 20:54:10 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:11:03 EST 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Keywords | chirp-scaling algorithm (CSA) field programmable gate array (FPGA) systolic array processor synthetic aperture radar (SAR) real-time processing |
| Language | English |
| License | Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c469t-b9cf30a02ec836f688d7d918a528c8141f38d38bbdeaa3be4073f533b17c935e3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3136-2819 0000-0003-1830-1840 0000-0001-9115-4897 0000-0001-6802-9115 0000-0003-2299-9911 0000-0003-2092-2048 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2767293633?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication% |
| PMID | 36679756 |
| PQID | 2767293633 |
| PQPubID | 2032333 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_db71db660f2f4d298bbc74ecac702f4b pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9864014 proquest_miscellaneous_2768232491 proquest_journals_2767293633 pubmed_primary_36679756 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23020959 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_s23020959 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20230114 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-01-14 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 1 year: 2023 text: 20230114 day: 14 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Switzerland |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Switzerland – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Sensors (Basel) |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG MDPI |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI |
| References | Kung (ref_25) 1982; 15 ref_14 ref_13 ref_11 ref_10 Saif (ref_8) 2021; 4 Joyce (ref_5) 2009; 33 Cumming (ref_31) 2005; 1 ref_19 ref_18 ref_17 ref_16 ref_15 Nash (ref_28) 2005; 53 Chan (ref_1) 2008; 2 Gierull (ref_6) 2015; 8 Wang (ref_33) 2004; 13 Percivall (ref_4) 2013; 6 Kung (ref_26) 1985; 2 Svedin (ref_7) 2021; 13 Hu (ref_32) 2013; 34 Lou (ref_12) 2016; 9 Lee (ref_24) 1991; 26 ref_23 ref_22 Stangl (ref_30) 2006; 153 ref_21 ref_3 ref_2 ref_29 Lim (ref_27) 1999; 47 ref_9 Babu (ref_20) 2021; 102 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_9 – volume: 102 start-page: 143 year: 2021 ident: ref_20 article-title: Reconfigurable FPGA architectures: A survey and applications publication-title: J. Inst. Eng. Ser. B doi: 10.1007/s40031-020-00508-y – ident: ref_29 doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2012.6350453 – ident: ref_3 – ident: ref_11 – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.3390/s16040494 – volume: 15 start-page: 37 year: 1982 ident: ref_25 article-title: Why systolic architectures? publication-title: Computer doi: 10.1109/MC.1982.1653825 – volume: 4 start-page: e310 year: 2021 ident: ref_8 article-title: Multi-UAV and SAR collaboration model for disaster management in B5G networks publication-title: Internet Technol. Lett. – volume: 153 start-page: 86 year: 2006 ident: ref_30 article-title: TerraSAR-X technologies and first results publication-title: IEE Proc. Radar Sonar Navig. doi: 10.1049/ip-rsn:20045119 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.1016/0045-8732(91)90094-O – ident: ref_16 doi: 10.3390/s19153409 – volume: 2 start-page: 4 year: 1985 ident: ref_26 article-title: VLSI array processors publication-title: IEEE ASSP Mag. doi: 10.1109/MASSP.1985.1163741 – volume: 13 start-page: 600 year: 2004 ident: ref_33 article-title: Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2003.819861 – ident: ref_19 doi: 10.3390/electronics10080895 – volume: 8 start-page: 4995 year: 2015 ident: ref_6 article-title: Foreword to the special issue on multichannel space-based SAR publication-title: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2015.2507878 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.3390/electronics10172133 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2015.7325819 – ident: ref_23 – volume: 26 start-page: 1286 year: 1991 ident: ref_24 article-title: A VLSI array processor for 16-point FFT publication-title: IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits doi: 10.1109/4.84946 – ident: ref_21 doi: 10.3390/rs14051258 – volume: 6 start-page: 1368 year: 2013 ident: ref_4 article-title: Improving disaster management using earth observations—GEOSS and CEOS activities publication-title: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2253447 – volume: 9 start-page: 2770 year: 2016 ident: ref_12 article-title: Onboard radar processor development for rapid response to natural hazards publication-title: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2558505 – volume: 33 start-page: 183 year: 2009 ident: ref_5 article-title: A review of the status of satellite remote sensing and image processing techniques for mapping natural hazards and disasters publication-title: Prog. Phys. Geogr. doi: 10.1177/0309133309339563 – volume: 53 start-page: 4640 year: 2005 ident: ref_28 article-title: Computationally efficient systolic architecture for computing the discrete Fourier transform publication-title: IEEE Trans. Signal Process. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2005.859216 – ident: ref_10 – ident: ref_15 doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7729303 – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518256 – volume: 34 start-page: 8764 year: 2013 ident: ref_32 article-title: Perceptual quality assessment of SAR image compression publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2013.846488 – volume: 1 start-page: 108 year: 2005 ident: ref_31 article-title: Digital processing of synthetic aperture radar data publication-title: Artech House – volume: 47 start-page: 1359 year: 1999 ident: ref_27 article-title: Multidimensional systolic arrays for the implementation of discrete Fourier transforms publication-title: IEEE Trans. Signal Process. doi: 10.1109/78.757223 – ident: ref_22 – volume: 13 start-page: 602 year: 2021 ident: ref_7 article-title: Small UAV-based SAR system using low-cost radar, position, and attitude sensors with onboard imaging capability publication-title: Int. J. Microw. Wirel. Technol. doi: 10.1017/S1759078721000416 – volume: 2 start-page: 27 year: 2008 ident: ref_1 article-title: An introduction to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) publication-title: Prog. Electromagn. Res. B doi: 10.2528/PIERB07110101 |
| SSID | ssj0023338 |
| Score | 2.4388883 |
| Snippet | Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can generate images of regions or objects, is an important research area of radar. The chirp scaling algorithm (CSA) is a... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 959 |
| SubjectTerms | Aircraft Algorithms Cell Movement Cerebral Cortex chirp-scaling algorithm (CSA) Collaboration field programmable gate array (FPGA) Field programmable gate arrays Fourier transforms Radar real-time processing Signal processing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systolic array processor Velocity |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwEB6higMcEG8CBRnEgUvU-BE_jkvFwqmqWpB6i_xkV2qzq-wWiX_POMlGu6gSF672KHFm7Pj7_PgG4GOgyicXaWkcS2WeMUotXCidp55VXHstUp9sQp2d6asrc76X6iufCRvkgQfHnQSnaHBSVoklEZjRznklordeVVji8t-3UmZHpkaqxZF5DTpCHEn9yQaBNssrXgezTy_Sfxey_PuA5N6MM38Mj0aoSGZDE5_Avdg-hYd7AoLPwM7Pv85Ir_B7M14iaskqEUR15HSx7NblJcYATcns-ueqW24XNwRRKrlAeFjm2x_k8neLxvgGMlvHLm8nkAsbbIcP7fMXPYcf8y_fT7-VY9KE0iPT3ZbO-MQrW7HoNZdJah1UMFTbmqHjqaCJ68DRiyFay11EQscTYj6HQTO8jvwFHLWrNr4CYpgOtA614LoWiSFyEbWWUaUsEp-sL-DTzpmNHxXFc2KL6waZRfZ7M_m9gA-T6XqQ0bjL6HOOyGSQla_7AuwPzdgfmn_1hwKOd_FsxuG4aZiSSCK45LyA91M1DqS8O2LbuLrtbXSGl4YW8HII_9QSLqUyqpYFqIOOcdDUw5p2uejFurP8PdLQ1__j297Ag5ztPq8AUXEMR9vuNr6F-_7Xdrnp3vUj4A-8tw41 priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Title | FPGA Implementation of the Chirp-Scaling Algorithm for Real-Time Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36679756 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2767293633 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2768232491 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9864014 https://doaj.org/article/db71db660f2f4d298bbc74ecac702f4b |
| Volume | 23 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000927612000001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1424-8220 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0023338 issn: 1424-8220 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20010101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Pb9MwFLZg4wAHfg8CozKIAxdriZ3Yzgl1UwscVkUdSOUUxb_WSltS0g6JC387z26arWjiwsUH5ylx9D3b33tOvofQe5MI7ZRNSK6oI37HIDJVhiidaBozqWXqQrEJMZnI2SwvuoTbqvuscrsmhoXaNNrnyI-o4MADGWfs4_IH8VWj_OlqV0LjLtr3ZbO9n4vZdcDFIP7aqAkxCO2PVkC3qc977exBQar_Nn7592eSN_ad8aP_HfFj9LBjnHi4cZEn6I6tn6IHN3QIn6FqXHwa4iAUfNn9i1TjxmEgh_hkvmiX5AygBFM8vDiHR6znlxjILp4CyyT-JxJ89qsGY3gCHi5t608l8LQyVQs3DWWQnqNv49HXk8-kq71ANATMa6Jy7VhcxdRqybjjUhph8kRWGQX8kjRxTBomlTK2qpiyEBcyB9RRAfY5yyw7QHt1U9uXCOdUmiQzWcpkljoKBCjNJLfCea15V-kIfdiiUepOmNzXx7goIUDxwJU9cBF615suN2octxkde0h7Ay-gHTqa9rzs5mNplEiM4jx21KWG5vAmWqRWV1rE0KMidLgFtexm9aq8RjRCb_vLMB_9IUtV2-Yq2EjPUvMkQi82_tOPhHEucpHxCIkdz9oZ6u6VejEPmt9eRR-i2Vf_HtZrdJ-C2_sUUZIeor11e2XfoHv653qxagdhcoRWDtD-8WhSTAchBwHt6e8R9BVfTovvfwCxziES |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VggQceD8CBQwCiUvUxE5i54DQUlhatayqPqS9hfjVXalNluwW1D_Fb2ScV7uo4tYDV3vkjOPP42_8mAF4q0OurDShn0pqfbdi-CKS2pcqVDRgQonI1skm-GgkxuN0dwV-d29h3LXKzibWhlqXyu2Rr1OeIA9kCWMfZz98lzXKna52KTQaWGybs1_oss0_bH3G8X1H6fDLwcam32YV8BW6ggtfpsqyIA-oUYIlNhFCc52GIo8pahZGoWVCMyGlNnnOpEGPh1kkRRJ7lbLYMGz3GlxHO86ds8fH5w4eQ3-viV7EWBqsz5HeU7fPtrTm1akBLuOzf1_LvLDODe_-b3_oHtxpGTUZNFPgPqyY4gHcvhBn8SHkw92vA1IHQj5p31oVpLQEyS_ZmEyrmb-PUEVRMjg-wi4tJicEyTzZQxbtu0cyZP-sQGH8AhnMTOVOXchervMKG63TPD2Cwyvp42NYLcrCPAWSUqHDWMcRE3FkKRK8KBaJ4dbF0re58uB9N_qZagOvu_wfxxk6YA4oWQ8UD970orMm2shlQp8chHoBFyC8Liiro6y1N5mWPNQySQJLbaRpij1RPDIqVzzAEunBWgeirLVa8-wcQR687qvR3rhDpLww5WktIxwLT0MPnjR47TVhScJTHice8CUkL6m6XFNMJ3VMc5clAL31Z_9W6xXc3Dz4tpPtbI22n8MtilPObYeF0RqsLqpT8wJuqJ-L6bx6WU9MAt-vGud_ALajeBQ |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VFCE48H4YCiwIJC5W7F3buz4gFFoCUSGKWpDKyXhfTaTWCU4K6l_j1zHrFw2quPXAdT1az9jfzn6zjxmAFzrkykoT-qmk1nczhi8iqX2pQkUDJpSIbFVsgo_H4uAgnWzAr_YujDtW2frEylHruXJr5H3KE-SBLGGsb5tjEZOd4ZvFd99VkHI7rW05jRoiu-b0J4Zvy9ejHfzXLykdvvu8_cFvKgz4CsPClS9TZVmQB9QowRKbCKG5TkORxxS1DKPQMqGZkFKbPGfSYPTDLBIkiRamLDYM-70Em0jJI9qDzcno0-RrF-4xjP7qXEaMpUF_iWSfulW3tRmwKhRwHrv9-5DmmVlveON__l434XrDtcmgHhy3YMMUt-HamQyMdyAfTt4PSJUi-bi5hVWQuSVIi8n2dFYu_H0EMYqSwdEhmrSaHhOk-WQP-bXvrs-Q_dMChfENZLAwpduPIXu5zkvstCoAdRe-XIiN96BXzAvzAEhKhQ5jHUdMxJGlSP2iWCSGW5dl3-bKg1ctEjLVpGR3lUGOMgzNHGiyDjQePO9EF3UekvOE3jo4dQIudXjVMC8Ps8YTZVryUMskCSy1kaYpWqJ4ZFSueIAt0oOtFlBZ48-W2R80efCse4yeyG0v5YWZn1QywvHzNPTgfo3dThOWJDzlceIBX0P1mqrrT4rZtMp27uoHYBz_8N9qPYUrCO_s42i8-wiuUhx9bp0sjLagtypPzGO4rH6sZsvySTNKCXy7aKD_BiRmgmM |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FPGA+Implementation+of+the+Chirp-Scaling+Algorithm+for+Real-Time+Synthetic+Aperture+Radar+Imaging&rft.jtitle=Sensors+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jaehyeon&rft.au=Jeong%2C+Dongmin&rft.au=Lee%2C+Seongwook&rft.au=Lee%2C+Myeongjin&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft.issn=1424-8220&rft.eissn=1424-8220&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=959&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fs23020959&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_s23020959 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |