The role of anticipated emotions in self-control: linking self-control and the anticipatory ability to engage emotions associated with upcoming events
Self-control is typically attributed to “cold” cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence “hot” affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Usin...
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| Published in: | Frontiers in psychology Vol. 14; p. 1152155 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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08.01.2024
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| Abstract | Self-control is typically attributed to “cold” cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence “hot” affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals (
n
= 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by “dual system” views on self-control. |
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| AbstractList | Self-control is typically attributed to “cold” cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence “hot” affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals (n = 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by “dual system” views on self-control. Self-control is typically attributed to "cold" cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence "hot" affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals (n = 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by "dual system" views on self-control.Self-control is typically attributed to "cold" cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence "hot" affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals (n = 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by "dual system" views on self-control. Self-control is typically attributed to "cold" cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence "hot" affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals ( = 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by "dual system" views on self-control. Self-control is typically attributed to “cold” cognitive control mechanisms that top-down influence “hot” affective impulses or emotions. In this study we tested an alternative view, assuming that self-control also rests on the ability to anticipate emotions directed toward future consequences. Using a behavioral within-subject design including an emotion regulation task measuring the ability to voluntarily engage anticipated emotions towards an upcoming event and a self-control task in which subjects were confronted with a variety of everyday conflict situations, we examined the relationship between self-control and anticipated emotions. We found that those individuals ( n = 33 healthy individuals from the general population) who were better able to engage anticipated emotions to an upcoming event showed stronger levels of self-control in situations where it was necessary to resist short-term temptations or to endure short-term aversions to achieve long-term goals. This finding suggests that anticipated emotions may play a functional role in self-control-relevant deliberations with respect to possible future consequences and are not only inhibited top-down as implied by “dual system” views on self-control. |
| Author | Kruschwitz, Johann D. Walter, Henrik Goschke, Thomas Kraehe, Anne-Carolin Korb, Franziska Maria Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Elkhansa |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany 2 Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 940) "Volition and Cognitive Control", Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany 3 Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Collaborative Research Centre (SFB 940) "Volition and Cognitive Control", Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany – name: 3 Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany – name: 1 Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Johann D. surname: Kruschwitz fullname: Kruschwitz, Johann D. – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas surname: Goschke fullname: Goschke, Thomas – sequence: 3 givenname: Elkhansa surname: Ahmed Mohamed Ali fullname: Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Elkhansa – sequence: 4 givenname: Anne-Carolin surname: Kraehe fullname: Kraehe, Anne-Carolin – sequence: 5 givenname: Franziska Maria surname: Korb fullname: Korb, Franziska Maria – sequence: 6 givenname: Henrik surname: Walter fullname: Walter, Henrik |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38259533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2024 Kruschwitz, Goschke, Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Kraehe, Korb and Walter. Copyright © 2024 Kruschwitz, Goschke, Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Kraehe, Korb and Walter. 2024 Kruschwitz, Goschke, Ahmed Mohamed Ali, Kraehe, Korb and Walter |
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| Keywords | self-control emotion regulation anticipated emotions dual system view volitional control |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Kesong Hu, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, United States; Xu Li, Central China Normal University, China These authors have contributed equally to this work Edited by: Thomas M. Schlösser, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Germany |
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| Title | The role of anticipated emotions in self-control: linking self-control and the anticipatory ability to engage emotions associated with upcoming events |
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