Designing Shape Morphing Behavior through Local Programming of Mechanical Metamaterials

Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is progr...

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Vydáno v:	Advanced materials (Weinheim) Ročník 33; číslo 37; s. e2008617 - n/a
Hlavní autoři:	Wenz, Franziska, Schmidt, Ingo, Leichner, Alexander, Lichti, Tobias, Baumann, Sascha, Andrae, Heiko, Eberl, Christoph
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Témata:	homogenization Inverse design material design Materials science mechanical metamaterials Metamaterials Morphing multiscale simulation Poisson's ratio programmable materials shape morphing Stiffness material design shape morphing homogenization multiscale simulation mechanical metamaterials programmable materials
ISSN:	0935-9648, 1521-4095, 1521-4095
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Abstract	Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if‐then‐else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function εy = sin (εx) and an if‐then‐else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Different kinds of shape morphing are realized with programmable materials. Therefore, processing functions as well as if‐then‐else‐conditions are implemented in unit cells. Local geometrical adaptions allow controlling the global shape in dependency of a load amplitude. Combining these elements, (strain‐dependent) shapes as well as a moving hillock are created within a material.
AbstractList	Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if‐then‐else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function ε y = sin (ε x ) and an if‐then‐else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Different kinds of shape morphing are realized with programmable materials. Therefore, processing functions as well as if‐then‐else‐conditions are implemented in unit cells. Local geometrical adaptions allow controlling the global shape in dependency of a load amplitude. Combining these elements, (strain‐dependent) shapes as well as a moving hillock are created within a material. Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if‐then‐else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function εy = sin (εx) and an if‐then‐else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if-then-else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function εy = sin (εx ) and an if-then-else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process.Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if-then-else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function εy = sin (εx ) and an if-then-else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f (ε) and if‐then‐else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function ε y = sin (ε x ) and an if‐then‐else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if-then-else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function ε = sin (ε ) and an if-then-else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined manner. In this paper, not only the target shape but rather the evolution of the material's shape as a function of the applied strain is programmed. To rationalize the design process, concepts from informatics (processing functions, for example, Poisson's ratio (PR) as function of strain: ν = f(ε) and if‐then‐else conditions) will be introduced. Three types of shape morphing behavior will be presented: (1) achieving a target shape by linearly increasing the amplitude of the shape, (2) filling up a target shape in linear steps, and (3) shifting a bulge through the material to a target position. In the first case, the shape is controlled by a geometric gradient within the material. The filling kind of behavior was implemented by logical operations. Moreover, programming moving hillocks (3) requires to implement a sinusoidal function εy = sin (εx) and an if‐then‐else statement into the unit cells combined with a global stiffness gradient. The three cases will be used to show how the combination of mechanical mechanisms as well as the related parameter distribution enable a programmable shape morphing behavior in an inverse design process. Different kinds of shape morphing are realized with programmable materials. Therefore, processing functions as well as if‐then‐else‐conditions are implemented in unit cells. Local geometrical adaptions allow controlling the global shape in dependency of a load amplitude. Combining these elements, (strain‐dependent) shapes as well as a moving hillock are created within a material.
Author	Andrae, Heiko Schmidt, Ingo Wenz, Franziska Lichti, Tobias Leichner, Alexander Baumann, Sascha Eberl, Christoph
AuthorAffiliation	2 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany 3 Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) 76327 Pfinztal Germany 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM) 79108 Freiburg Germany 4 Institute for Microsystems Engineering Albert‐Ludwigs University of Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany – name: 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM) 79108 Freiburg Germany – name: 4 Institute for Microsystems Engineering Albert‐Ludwigs University of Freiburg 79110 Freiburg Germany – name: 3 Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) 76327 Pfinztal Germany
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Franziska orcidid: 0000-0002-3000-4139 surname: Wenz fullname: Wenz, Franziska email: franziska.wenz@iwm.fraunhofer.de organization: Albert‐Ludwigs University of Freiburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Ingo surname: Schmidt fullname: Schmidt, Ingo organization: Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM) – sequence: 3 givenname: Alexander surname: Leichner fullname: Leichner, Alexander organization: Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) – sequence: 4 givenname: Tobias surname: Lichti fullname: Lichti, Tobias organization: Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) – sequence: 5 givenname: Sascha surname: Baumann fullname: Baumann, Sascha organization: Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) – sequence: 6 givenname: Heiko surname: Andrae fullname: Andrae, Heiko organization: Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM) – sequence: 7 givenname: Christoph surname: Eberl fullname: Eberl, Christoph organization: Albert‐Ludwigs University of Freiburg
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Keywords	material design shape morphing homogenization multiscale simulation mechanical metamaterials programmable materials
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Snippet	Shape morphing implicates that a specific condition leads to a morphing reaction. The material thus transforms from one shape to another in a predefined...
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SubjectTerms	homogenization Inverse design material design Materials science mechanical metamaterials Metamaterials Morphing multiscale simulation Poisson's ratio programmable materials shape morphing Stiffness
Title	Designing Shape Morphing Behavior through Local Programming of Mechanical Metamaterials
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