FlexyFont: Learning Transferring Rules for Flexible Typeface Synthesis
Maintaining consistent styles across glyphs is an arduous task in typeface design. In this work we introduce FlexyFont, a flexible tool for synthesizing a complete typeface that has a consistent style with a given small set of glyphs. Motivated by a key fact that typeface designers often maintain a...
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| Vydané v: | Computer graphics forum Ročník 34; číslo 7; s. 245 - 256 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
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Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2015
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| ISSN: | 0167-7055, 1467-8659 |
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| Abstract | Maintaining consistent styles across glyphs is an arduous task in typeface design. In this work we introduce FlexyFont, a flexible tool for synthesizing a complete typeface that has a consistent style with a given small set of glyphs. Motivated by a key fact that typeface designers often maintain a library of glyph parts to achieve a consistent typeface, we intend to learn part consistency between glyphs of different characters across typefaces. We take a part assembling approach by firstly decomposing the given glyphs into semantic parts and then assembling them according to learned sets of transferring rules to reconstruct the missing glyphs. To maintain style consistency, we represent the style of a font as a vector of pairwise part similarities. By learning a distribution over these feature vectors, we are able to predict the style of a novel typeface given only a few examples. We utilize a popular machine learning method as well as retrieval‐based methods to quantitatively assess the performance of our feature vector, resulting in favorable results. We also present an intuitive interface that allows users to interactively create novel typefaces with ease. The synthesized fonts can be directly used in real‐world design. |
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| AbstractList | Maintaining consistent styles across glyphs is an arduous task in typeface design. In this work we introduce FlexyFont, a flexible tool for synthesizing a complete typeface that has a consistent style with a given small set of glyphs. Motivated by a key fact that typeface designers often maintain a library of glyph parts to achieve a consistent typeface, we intend to learn part consistency between glyphs of different characters across typefaces. We take a part assembling approach by firstly decomposing the given glyphs into semantic parts and then assembling them according to learned sets of transferring rules to reconstruct the missing glyphs. To maintain style consistency, we represent the style of a font as a vector of pairwise part similarities. By learning a distribution over these feature vectors, we are able to predict the style of a novel typeface given only a few examples. We utilize a popular machine learning method as well as retrieval-based methods to quantitatively assess the performance of our feature vector, resulting in favorable results. We also present an intuitive interface that allows users to interactively create novel typefaces with ease. The synthesized fonts can be directly used in real-world design. |
| Author | Phan, H. Q. Fu, H. Chan, A. B. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: H. Q. surname: Phan fullname: Phan, H. Q. organization: School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 2 givenname: H. surname: Fu fullname: Fu, H. organization: School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 3 givenname: A. B. surname: Chan fullname: Chan, A. B. organization: Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong |
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| References_xml | – reference: Kalogerakis E., Chaudhuri S., Koller D., Koltun V.: A probabilistic model for component-based shape synthesis. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 31, 4 (2012), 55. 3 – reference: Knuth D.E.: TEX and METAFONT: New Directions in Typesetting. American Mathematical Society, Boston, MA, USA, 1979. 2, 3 – reference: Xu S., Lau F., Cheung W.K., Pan Y.: Automatic generation of artistic Chinese calligraphy. Intelligent Systems, IEEE 20, 3 (2005), 32-39. 3, 4 – reference: Zitnick C.L.: Handwriting beautification using token means. ACM Trans. Graph. 32, 4 (July 2013), 53:1-53:8. 3 – reference: Lawrence N.D.: Gaussian process latent variable models for visualisation of high dimensional data. Advances in neural information processing systems 16 (2004), 329-336. 5 – reference: Kruskal J.B.: Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29, 1 (1964), 1-27. – reference: Hu C., Hersch R.-D.: Parameterizable fonts based on shape components. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE 21, 3 (May 2001), 70-85. 3 – reference: O'Donovan P., Lībeks J., Agarwala A., Hertzmann A.: Exploratory font selection using crowdsourced attributes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 33, 4 (2014), 92. 3 – reference: Ma C., Huang H., Sheffer A., Kalogerakis E., Wang R.: Analogy-driven 3d style transfer. In Computer Graphics Forum (2014), vol. 33, Wiley Online Library, pp. 175-184. 4 – reference: Hofstadter D.R.: Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern. Basic Books, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1985. 3 – reference: Shamir A., Rappoport A.: Feature-based design of fonts using constraints. In Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography (1998), Hersch R., AndrÃl' J., Brown H., (Eds.), vol. 1375 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2 – reference: Lu J., Yu F., Finkelstein A., DiVerdi S.: Helpinghand: Example-based stroke stylization. ACM Trans. Graph. 31, 4 (July 2012), 46:1-46:10. 3 – reference: Kim V.G., Li W., Mitra N.J., Chaudhuri S., DiVerdi S., Funkhouser T.: Learning part-based templates from large collections of 3d shapes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 32, 4 (2013), 70. 3 – reference: Campbell N. D. F., Kautz J.: Learning a manifold of fonts. ACM Trans. Graph. 33, 4 (July 2014), 91:1-91:11. 1, 2, 3 – reference: Bosler D.: Mastering Type: The Essential Guide to Typography for Print and Web Design. 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Graph – start-page: 145 year: 2001 end-page: 152 – volume: 31 start-page: 55 issue: 4 year: 2012 article-title: A probabilistic model for component‐based shape synthesis publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) – volume: 1375 year: 1998 article-title: Feature‐based design of fonts using constraints publication-title: Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography – start-page: 127 year: 2010 end-page: 138 – volume: 32 start-page: 70 issue: 4 year: 2013 article-title: Learning part‐based templates from large collections of 3d shapes publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) – volume: 33 start-page: 91:1 issue: 4 year: 2014 end-page: 91:11 article-title: Learning a manifold of fonts publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph – volume: 16 start-page: 329 year: 2004 end-page: 336 article-title: Gaussian process latent variable models for visualisation of high dimensional data publication-title: Advances in neural information processing systems – volume: 32 start-page: 53:1 issue: 4 year: 2013 end-page: 53:8 article-title: Handwriting beautification using token means publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph – year: 2006 – volume: 33 start-page: 175 year: 2014 end-page: 184 article-title: Analogy‐driven 3d style transfer publication-title: Computer Graphics Forum – volume: 21 start-page: 70 issue: 3 year: 2001 end-page: 85 article-title: Parameterizable fonts based on shape components publication-title: Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE – volume: 33 start-page: 92 issue: 4 year: 2014 article-title: Exploratory font selection using crowdsourced attributes publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) – volume: 20 start-page: 32 issue: 3 year: 2005 end-page: 39 article-title: Automatic generation of artistic Chinese calligraphy publication-title: Intelligent Systems, IEEE – start-page: 752 year: 1996 end-page: 761 – year: 1979 – year: 2010 – year: 2012 – volume: 31 start-page: 55 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0010|cgf12763-cit-0010 article-title: A probabilistic model for component-based shape synthesis publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) doi: 10.1145/2185520.2185551 – volume: 1375 year: 1998 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0021|cgf12763-cit-0021 article-title: Feature-based design of fonts using constraints publication-title: Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography doi: 10.1007/BFb0053265 – volume: 1 start-page: 566 volume-title: Pattern Recognition, 1994. Vol. 1-Conference A: Computer Vision and Image Processing year: 1994 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0004|cgf12763-cit-0004 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0005|cgf12763-cit-0005 – volume: 33 start-page: 175 year: 2014 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0017|cgf12763-cit-0017 article-title: Analogy-driven 3d style transfer publication-title: Computer Graphics Forum doi: 10.1111/cgf.12307 – volume: 16 start-page: 329 year: 2004 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0015|cgf12763-cit-0015 article-title: Gaussian process latent variable models for visualisation of high dimensional data publication-title: Advances in neural information processing systems – volume: 21 start-page: 70 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0006|cgf12763-cit-0006 article-title: Parameterizable fonts based on shape components publication-title: Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE – volume: 32 start-page: 53:1 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0024|cgf12763-cit-0024 article-title: Handwriting beautification using token means publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph doi: 10.1145/2461912.2461985 – start-page: 752 volume-title: J.UCS The Journal of Universal Computer Science year: 1996 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0001|cgf12763-cit-0001 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-80350-5_65 – volume: 20 start-page: 32 issue: 3 year: 2005 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0023|cgf12763-cit-0023 article-title: Automatic generation of artistic Chinese calligraphy publication-title: Intelligent Systems, IEEE doi: 10.1109/MIS.2005.41 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0009|cgf12763-cit-0009 doi: 10.1145/1179849.1180020 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0014|cgf12763-cit-0014 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0008|cgf12763-cit-0008 – volume: 29 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 1964 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0013|cgf12763-cit-0013 article-title: Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis publication-title: Psychometrika doi: 10.1007/BF02289565 – volume-title: Mastering Type: The Essential Guide to Typography for Print and Web Design year: 2012 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0002|cgf12763-cit-0002 – volume: 33 start-page: 91:1 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0003|cgf12763-cit-0003 article-title: Learning a manifold of fonts publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph doi: 10.1145/2601097.2601212 – start-page: 145 volume-title: 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2001 year: 2001 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0019|cgf12763-cit-0019 – volume: 33 start-page: 92 issue: 4 year: 2014 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0018|cgf12763-cit-0018 article-title: Exploratory font selection using crowdsourced attributes publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) doi: 10.1145/2601097.2601110 – volume: 31 start-page: 46:1 issue: 4 year: 2012 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0016|cgf12763-cit-0016 article-title: Helpinghand: Example-based stroke stylization publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph doi: 10.1145/2185520.2185542 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0022|cgf12763-cit-0022 – volume-title: Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern year: 1985 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0007|cgf12763-cit-0007 – volume: 32 start-page: 70 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0011|cgf12763-cit-0011 article-title: Learning part-based templates from large collections of 3d shapes publication-title: ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) doi: 10.1145/2461912.2461933 – ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0020|cgf12763-cit-0020 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-13544-6_12 – volume-title: TEX and METAFONT: New Directions in Typesetting year: 1979 ident: 10.1111/cgf.12763-BIB0012|cgf12763-cit-0012 |
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| Title | FlexyFont: Learning Transferring Rules for Flexible Typeface Synthesis |
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