Exosomal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and patient monitoring

Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell types, including tumor cells. Exosomes are stable in body fluids due to their lipid bilayer member and o...

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Vydáno v:Expert review of molecular diagnostics Ročník 20; číslo 4; s. 387 - 400
Hlavní autoři: Makler, Amy, Asghar, Waseem
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Taylor & Francis 02.04.2020
Témata:
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor
Body Fluids
cancer detection
diagnostics
Early Detection of Cancer - methods
Early Detection of Cancer - standards
exosomes
Exosomes - metabolism
Extracellular Vesicles
Humans
Liquid Biopsy - methods
Liquid Biopsy - standards
microfluidic chips
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - methods
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques - standards
Monitoring, Physiologic
nano-sensors
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - etiology
Neoplasms - metabolism
Sensitivity and Specificity
tumor detection
cancer detection
diagnostics
extracellular vesicles
tumor detection
exosomes
nano-sensors
Biomarkers
microfluidic chips
ISSN:1473-7159, 1744-8352, 1744-8352
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Shrnutí:Introduction: In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on using exosomes as biomarkers for cancer detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles released by all cell types, including tumor cells. Exosomes are stable in body fluids due to their lipid bilayer member and often contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes can be harvested from blood, plasma, serum, urine, or saliva and analyzed for tumor-relevant mutations. Thus, exosomes provide an alternative to current methods of tumor detection. Areas covered: This review discusses the use of exosomal diagnostics in various tumor types as well as their examination in various clinical trials. The authors also discuss the limitations of exosome-based diagnostics in the clinical setting and provide examples of several studies in which the development and usage of microfluidic chips and nano-sensing devices have been utilized to address these obstacles. Expert commentary: In recent years, exosomes and their contents have exhibited potential as novel tumor detection markers despite the labor involved in their harvest and isolation. Despite this, much work is being done to optimize exosome capture and analysis. Thus, their roles as biomarkers in the clinical setting appear promising.
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ISSN:1473-7159
1744-8352
1744-8352
DOI:10.1080/14737159.2020.1731308