Signal averaged laser Doppler measurements of activation–flow coupling in the rat forepaw somatosensory cortex

Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation–flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with ele...

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Vydáno v:	Brain research Ročník 796; číslo 1; s. 91 - 98
Hlavní autoři:	Detre, John A, Ances, Beau M, Takahashi, Kazushi, Greenberg, Joel H
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Elsevier B.V 15.06.1998 Amsterdam Elsevier New York, NY
Témata:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Brain Mapping - methods Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Electric Stimulation Flow metabolic coupling Forelimb - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Laser Doppler flowmetry Male Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Somatosensory cortex Somatosensory Cortex - diagnostic imaging Somatosensory Cortex - physiology Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors Ultrasonography Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs Laser Doppler flowmetry Somatosensory cortex Flow metabolic coupling Regional blood flow Vertebrata Laser dopplerometry Mammalia Rat Somesthetic pathway Rodentia Central nervous system Hemodynamics Brain (vertebrata)
ISSN:	0006-8993, 1872-6240
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Abstract	Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation–flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under α-chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LD CBF were primarily attributable to changes in LD velocity rather than LD CRBC. This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states.
AbstractList	Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation-flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under alpha -chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LD sub(CBF) were primarily attributable to changes in LD sub(velocity) rather than LD sub(CRBC). This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states. Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation-flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under alpha-chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LDCBF were primarily attributable to changes in LDvelocity rather than LDCRBC. This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states. Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation–flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under α-chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LD CBF were primarily attributable to changes in LD velocity rather than LD CRBC. This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states. Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation-flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under alpha-chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LDCBF were primarily attributable to changes in LDvelocity rather than LDCRBC. This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states.Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional CBF and metabolism, activation-flow coupling (AFC). To further investigate parameters affecting AFC, we have implemented a rat model with electrical forepaw stimulation under alpha-chloralose anesthesia using laser Doppler (LD) measurements of flow parameters through thinned skull over contralateral somatosensory cortex. Signal averaging of the LD response was used to improve reproducibility. A characteristic flow response to electrical forepaw stimulation was reliably recorded from the somatosensory cortex using signal averaging. Stimulation at 5 Hz maximized the LD response, and constant current stimulation up to 1 mA did not induce changes in systemic blood pressure. The shape of the flow response consisted of an initial peak followed by a steady state plateau phase which was observed for stimulation durations longer than 4 s. When individual LD parameters of velocity, red blood cell concentration (CRBC), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were compared, changes in LDCBF were primarily attributable to changes in LDvelocity rather than LDCRBC. This finding was also observed during hypercapnia. Characterization of AFC in the model provides a background for future studies of the effects of pharmacological manipulation or pathophysiological states.
Author	Detre, John A Takahashi, Kazushi Ances, Beau M Greenberg, Joel H
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: John A surname: Detre fullname: Detre, John A organization: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Beau M surname: Ances fullname: Ances, Beau M organization: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kazushi surname: Takahashi fullname: Takahashi, Kazushi organization: Cerebrovascular Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Joel H surname: Greenberg fullname: Greenberg, Joel H organization: Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Keywords	Laser Doppler flowmetry Somatosensory cortex Flow metabolic coupling Regional blood flow Vertebrata Laser dopplerometry Mammalia Rat Somesthetic pathway Rodentia Central nervous system Hemodynamics Brain (vertebrata)
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Snippet	Regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) are widely used as a surrogate for neuronal function based on an intact coupling between changes in regional...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Brain Mapping - methods Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Electric Stimulation Flow metabolic coupling Forelimb - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Laser Doppler flowmetry Male Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Somatosensory cortex Somatosensory Cortex - diagnostic imaging Somatosensory Cortex - physiology Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors Ultrasonography Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Title	Signal averaged laser Doppler measurements of activation–flow coupling in the rat forepaw somatosensory cortex
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