Factors affecting the feelings of safety among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour in residential care: A qualitative study of professional and service users' perspectives

This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interv...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of intellectual disabilities Vol. 29; no. 3; p. 607
Main Authors: Lokman, Suzanne, Bal, Roland, Didden, Robert, Embregts, Petri Jcm
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.09.2025
Subjects:
ISSN:1744-6309, 1744-6309
Online Access:Get more information
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Feelings of safety were related to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users' sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Many of these factors were interconnected. Future research should explore what residential service organisations for people with intellectual disabilities and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote service users' feelings of safety.
AbstractList This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Feelings of safety were related to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users' sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Many of these factors were interconnected. Future research should explore what residential service organisations for people with intellectual disabilities and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote service users' feelings of safety.This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Feelings of safety were related to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users' sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Many of these factors were interconnected. Future research should explore what residential service organisations for people with intellectual disabilities and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote service users' feelings of safety.
This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Feelings of safety were related to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users' sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Many of these factors were interconnected. Future research should explore what residential service organisations for people with intellectual disabilities and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote service users' feelings of safety.
Author Didden, Robert
Bal, Roland
Embregts, Petri Jcm
Lokman, Suzanne
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Suzanne
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0506-7760
  surname: Lokman
  fullname: Lokman, Suzanne
  organization: Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavorial Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Roland
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7202-5053
  surname: Bal
  fullname: Bal, Roland
  organization: Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Robert
  surname: Didden
  fullname: Didden, Robert
  organization: Trajectum, The Netherlands
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Petri Jcm
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3567-1528
  surname: Embregts
  fullname: Embregts, Petri Jcm
  organization: Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavorial Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38889201$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpNUctuHCEQRJGj-JF8gC8Wt-SyCTOwPHyzrPghWcrF9xUzNN6OZpg1zYy1f-rPCSvbUi5QKqqqCzhlR2lKwNh5I342jTG_GqOUbt26VU2r9Fq7T-zkwK20FO7oP3zMTon-CiGNkPoLO5bWWteK5oS93vi-TJm4jxH6gumJly3wCDBUTHyKnHyEsud-nOohpoALhtkPxF-wbPmIQ6hsgWGo_srzgOQ7HLAg1NgUOMECGXi_9VWTng4zOtj6Bac5VyvPQBggFazm3me45Ff8uSZh8QUX4FTmsD802eUpAhFOqSrfkvOCPfC5AvrOd3XdHW6xAH1ln2MtCd_e9zP2ePP78fpu9fDn9v766mHVK23KSoOTUcagpdUmBGM7JZVzRkdjgwk2ggFYR629csKbHpQI0gXX2QDe6faM_XiLrd2eZ6CyGZH6-hg-wTTTRgojjFtbo6r04l06dyOEzS7j6PN-8_EZ7T9okJVD
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ridd_2025_104946
crossref_primary_10_1080_19315864_2025_2542140
ContentType Journal Article
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7X8
DOI 10.1177/17446295241246569
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: 7X8
  name: MEDLINE - Academic
  url: https://search.proquest.com/medline
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod no_fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Social Welfare & Social Work
EISSN 1744-6309
ExternalDocumentID 38889201
Genre Journal Article
GroupedDBID ---
-TM
.2J
.2N
01A
0R~
18M
1~K
29K
31U
31X
31Z
4.4
53G
5GY
5VS
AABMB
AABOD
AACMV
AACTG
AADUE
AAEWN
AAGLT
AAJPV
AANEX
AAPII
AAQDB
AAQXI
AARDL
AARIX
AATAA
AATBZ
AAWTL
ABAWP
ABCCA
ABCJG
ABEIX
ABFWQ
ABHQH
ABIDT
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABKRH
ABLUO
ABOPQ
ABPNF
ABQXT
ABRHV
ABUJY
ABVFX
ACARO
ACDSZ
ACDXX
ACFEJ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGZU
ACJER
ACLZU
ACOFE
ACOXC
ACROE
ACRPL
ACSIQ
ACUAV
ACUIR
ACXKE
ACXMB
ADBBV
ADDLC
ADEBD
ADNMO
ADNON
ADRRZ
ADVBO
ADYCS
AECGH
AEDTQ
AEPTA
AEQLS
AERKM
AESZF
AEUHG
AEWDL
AEWHI
AEXNY
AFEET
AFKRG
AFMOU
AFQAA
AFUIA
AFWMB
AGKLV
AGNHF
AGQPQ
AGWFA
AGWNL
AHDMH
AHHFK
AJGYC
AJHME
AJUZI
AJVBE
AJXAJ
ALKWR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMCVQ
ANDLU
ARTOV
ASPBG
AUTPY
AUVAJ
AVWKF
AYAKG
AZFZN
B8R
B8W
B8Z
B94
BBRGL
BDDNI
BKIIM
BPACV
BSEHC
BYIEH
CAG
CFDXU
CGR
COF
CS3
CUY
CVF
D-I
DC-
DF0
DO-
DOPDO
DV7
EBS
ECM
EIF
EIHBH
EJD
F5P
FEDTE
FHBDP
GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION
H13
HF~
HVGLF
HZ~
J8X
K.F
N9A
NPM
O9-
P.B
Q7L
Q83
ROL
S01
SASJQ
SAUOL
SCNPE
SDB
SFC
SFH
SFK
SFT
SFX
SGR
SGV
SGZ
SHG
SNB
SPJ
SPP
SPV
SQCSI
STM
ZONMY
ZPPRI
ZRKOI
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-6e93f3fd63867dd78b4349976f78d7d8fe7ee5f66a490a7ce40d39d9b8dea962
IEDL.DBID 7X8
ISICitedReferencesCount 1
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001249918100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 1744-6309
IngestDate Sat Nov 01 15:07:27 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 06 11:15:14 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Keywords mild intellectual disabilities
residential
challenging behaviour
borderline intellectual functioning
safety
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c467t-6e93f3fd63867dd78b4349976f78d7d8fe7ee5f66a490a7ce40d39d9b8dea962
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-3567-1528
0000-0001-7202-5053
0000-0002-0506-7760
OpenAccessLink https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17446295241246569
PMID 38889201
PQID 3070795874
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3070795874
pubmed_primary_38889201
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-09-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
PublicationTitle Journal of intellectual disabilities
PublicationTitleAlternate J Intellect Disabil
PublicationYear 2025
SSID ssj0037036
Score 2.4221635
Snippet This qualitative study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 607
SubjectTerms Adult
Female
Humans
Intellectual Disability - psychology
Intellectual Disability - rehabilitation
Male
Middle Aged
Persons with Intellectual Disabilities - psychology
Problem Behavior - psychology
Qualitative Research
Residential Facilities
Safety
Young Adult
Title Factors affecting the feelings of safety among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour in residential care: A qualitative study of professional and service users' perspectives
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38889201
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3070795874
Volume 29
WOSCitedRecordID wos001249918100001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LaxRBEG7UePCi8R0TpQTR0-BkuqcfXkIILl5ccgi4t6VnugoGk5l1ZxPIP_XnWN3Tm-QkgpeBGegHdE09uqq-T4gPZIKitlIF2qYuFHGA0lir-ZVKQyxDdSabMPO5XSzcab5wG3NZ5VYnJkUdhjbekX-WCcuttkYdrX4VkTUqZlczhcZ9sSPZlYklXWZxk0WQEVxqaohUhZaly1nNCLgUv-nK1VVkX2af5i8eZrI0syf_u8dd8Tj7mHA8CcVTcQ_7Z-JgasSFH3hOfo3wEbYfhvXP5-L3bCLeAZ8KPNigAbuGQJj61UcYCEZPuLmGRE8E3U0j1wjxLhcuuvMA3Z2mFAgZvjdCtoLvA7ARRl65zfwtcY2MEnC55qHAkX-X-oZ5cKxI-wLHMDV9JnRySFC4cSerO3gieeak8SBeuYyfYHXbQTq-EGezr2cn34rM-lC0rLQ3hUYnSVJgxaBNCMY2SnJYZjQZG0ywhAaxJq29cqU3LaoySBdcYwN6p6uX4kE_9PhaAM8gZW2JDS5xlFWyIUY89M2hV6FUGPbE--0xLvmnipkS3-NwOS5vD3JPvJpkYbma0D-W0lrr2G168w-j98WjKvIFp5q0A7FDfCj4VjxsrzbduH6XpJWf89PvfwAgRvqx
linkProvider ProQuest
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Factors+affecting+the+feelings+of+safety+among+individuals+with+mild+intellectual+disabilities+and+severe+challenging+behaviour+in+residential+care%3A+A+qualitative+study+of+professional+and+service+users%27+perspectives&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+intellectual+disabilities&rft.au=Lokman%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Bal%2C+Roland&rft.au=Didden%2C+Robert&rft.au=Embregts%2C+Petri+Jcm&rft.date=2025-09-01&rft.eissn=1744-6309&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F17446295241246569&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38889201&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38889201&rft.externalDocID=38889201
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1744-6309&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1744-6309&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1744-6309&client=summon