Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence and Classification Among Asians

BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evalua...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Frontiers in medicine Vol. 9; p. 957437
Main Authors:	Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Sultana, Rehena, He, Feng, Tham, Yih Chung, Lim, Cynthia Ciwei, Wang, Ya Xing, Nangia, Vinay, Tai, E. Shyong, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, Bikbov, Mukharram M., Jonas, Jost B., Kang, Se Woong, Park, Kyu Hyung, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Sabanayagam, Charumathi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Lausanne Frontiers Media SA 14.07.2022 Frontiers Media S.A
Subjects:	Age Asian Asian people Blood pressure Body mass index chronic kidney disease Collaboration Creatinine Diabetes Epidemiology Ethnicity glomerular filtration rate Hypertension Kidney diseases Medical referrals Medicine Minority & ethnic groups Population-based studies prevalence Risk factors United States > US Singapore India
ISSN:	2296-858X, 2296-858X
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Abstract	BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evaluates the impact of the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations on the prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts.MethodsEight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data ( n = 67,233). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (G3-G5). Prevalence of eGFR categories was compared within each study and within subgroups of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension status. The extent of reclassification was examined using net reclassification improvement (NRI).FindingsOf 67,233 adults, CKD prevalence was 8.6% ( n = 5800/67,233) using eGFRcr (2009, ASR) and 6.4% ( n = 4307/67,233) using eGFRcr (2021, AS). With the latter, CKD prevalence was reduced across all eight studies, ranging from −7.0% (95% CI −8.5% to −5.4%) to −0.4% (−1.3% to 0.5%), and across all subgroups except those in the BMI < 18.5% subgroup. Net reclassification index (NRI) was significant at −2.33% ( p < 0.001). No individuals were reclassified as a higher (more severe) eGFR category, while 1.7%−4.2% of individuals with CKD were reclassified as one eGFR category lower when eGFRcr (2021, AS) rather than eGFRcr (2009, ASR) was used.InterpretationeGFRcr (2021, AS) consistently provided reduced CKD prevalence and higher estimation of GFR among Asian cohorts than eGFRcr (2009, ASR). Based on current risk-stratified approaches to CKD management, more patients reclassified to lower-risk GFR categories could help reduce inappropriate care and its associated adverse effects among Asian renal patients. Comparison of both equations to predict progression to renal failure or adverse outcomes using prospective studies are warranted.FundingNational Medical Research Council, Singapore.
AbstractList	In 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evaluates the impact of the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations on the prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts.BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evaluates the impact of the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations on the prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts.Eight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data (n = 67,233). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (G3-G5). Prevalence of eGFR categories was compared within each study and within subgroups of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension status. The extent of reclassification was examined using net reclassification improvement (NRI).MethodsEight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data (n = 67,233). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (G3-G5). Prevalence of eGFR categories was compared within each study and within subgroups of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension status. The extent of reclassification was examined using net reclassification improvement (NRI).Of 67,233 adults, CKD prevalence was 8.6% (n = 5800/67,233) using eGFRcr (2009, ASR) and 6.4% (n = 4307/67,233) using eGFRcr (2021, AS). With the latter, CKD prevalence was reduced across all eight studies, ranging from -7.0% (95% CI -8.5% to -5.4%) to -0.4% (-1.3% to 0.5%), and across all subgroups except those in the BMI < 18.5% subgroup. Net reclassification index (NRI) was significant at -2.33% (p < 0.001). No individuals were reclassified as a higher (more severe) eGFR category, while 1.7%-4.2% of individuals with CKD were reclassified as one eGFR category lower when eGFRcr (2021, AS) rather than eGFRcr (2009, ASR) was used.FindingsOf 67,233 adults, CKD prevalence was 8.6% (n = 5800/67,233) using eGFRcr (2009, ASR) and 6.4% (n = 4307/67,233) using eGFRcr (2021, AS). With the latter, CKD prevalence was reduced across all eight studies, ranging from -7.0% (95% CI -8.5% to -5.4%) to -0.4% (-1.3% to 0.5%), and across all subgroups except those in the BMI < 18.5% subgroup. Net reclassification index (NRI) was significant at -2.33% (p < 0.001). No individuals were reclassified as a higher (more severe) eGFR category, while 1.7%-4.2% of individuals with CKD were reclassified as one eGFR category lower when eGFRcr (2021, AS) rather than eGFRcr (2009, ASR) was used.eGFRcr (2021, AS) consistently provided reduced CKD prevalence and higher estimation of GFR among Asian cohorts than eGFRcr (2009, ASR). Based on current risk-stratified approaches to CKD management, more patients reclassified to lower-risk GFR categories could help reduce inappropriate care and its associated adverse effects among Asian renal patients. Comparison of both equations to predict progression to renal failure or adverse outcomes using prospective studies are warranted.InterpretationeGFRcr (2021, AS) consistently provided reduced CKD prevalence and higher estimation of GFR among Asian cohorts than eGFRcr (2009, ASR). Based on current risk-stratified approaches to CKD management, more patients reclassified to lower-risk GFR categories could help reduce inappropriate care and its associated adverse effects among Asian renal patients. Comparison of both equations to predict progression to renal failure or adverse outcomes using prospective studies are warranted.National Medical Research Council, Singapore.FundingNational Medical Research Council, Singapore. BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, this new equation is not ethnic-specific, and prevalence of CKD in Asians is known to differ from other ethnicities. This study evaluates the impact of the 2009 and 2021 creatinine-based eGFR equations on the prevalence of CKD in multiple Asian cohorts.MethodsEight population-based studies from China, India, Russia (Asian), Singapore and South Korea provided individual-level data (n = 67,233). GFR was estimated using both the 2009 CKD-EPI equation developed using creatinine, age, sex, and race (eGFRcr [2009, ASR]) and the 2021 CKD-EPI equation developed without race (eGFRcr [2021, AS]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 (G3-G5). Prevalence of eGFR categories was compared within each study and within subgroups of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension status. The extent of reclassification was examined using net reclassification improvement (NRI).FindingsOf 67,233 adults, CKD prevalence was 8.6% (n = 5800/67,233) using eGFRcr (2009, ASR) and 6.4% (n = 4307/67,233) using eGFRcr (2021, AS). With the latter, CKD prevalence was reduced across all eight studies, ranging from −7.0% (95% CI −8.5% to −5.4%) to −0.4% (−1.3% to 0.5%), and across all subgroups except those in the BMI < 18.5% subgroup. Net reclassification index (NRI) was significant at −2.33% (p < 0.001). No individuals were reclassified as a higher (more severe) eGFR category, while 1.7%−4.2% of individuals with CKD were reclassified as one eGFR category lower when eGFRcr (2021, AS) rather than eGFRcr (2009, ASR) was used.InterpretationeGFRcr (2021, AS) consistently provided reduced CKD prevalence and higher estimation of GFR among Asian cohorts than eGFRcr (2009, ASR). Based on current risk-stratified approaches to CKD management, more patients reclassified to lower-risk GFR categories could help reduce inappropriate care and its associated adverse effects among Asian renal patients. Comparison of both equations to predict progression to renal failure or adverse outcomes using prospective studies are warranted.FundingNational Medical Research Council, Singapore.
Author	Lim, Cynthia Ciwei Tai, E. Shyong Tham, Yih Chung Wang, Ya Xing Cheng, Ching-Yu Jonas, Jost B. Park, Kyu Hyung Bikbov, Mukharram M. He, Feng Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek Nangia, Vinay Kang, Se Woong Sultana, Rehena Sabanayagam, Charumathi Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun
AuthorAffiliation	2 Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore , Singapore 8 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore 11 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany 6 Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China 4 Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore 5 Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore 1 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore 10 Ufa Eye Research Institute , Ufa , Russia 14 Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea 3 Centre for Quantitative Medicine,
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 5 Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore – name: 10 Ufa Eye Research Institute , Ufa , Russia – name: 13 Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea – name: 6 Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China – name: 12 Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology , Basel , Switzerland – name: 4 Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore – name: 9 Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea – name: 11 Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany – name: 7 Suraj Eye Institute , Nagpur , India – name: 8 Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore – name: 2 Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore , Singapore – name: 3 Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore – name: 1 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore – name: 14 Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Bjorn Kaijun surname: Betzler fullname: Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun – sequence: 2 givenname: Rehena surname: Sultana fullname: Sultana, Rehena – sequence: 3 givenname: Feng surname: He fullname: He, Feng – sequence: 4 givenname: Yih Chung surname: Tham fullname: Tham, Yih Chung – sequence: 5 givenname: Cynthia Ciwei surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Cynthia Ciwei – sequence: 6 givenname: Ya Xing surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Ya Xing – sequence: 7 givenname: Vinay surname: Nangia fullname: Nangia, Vinay – sequence: 8 givenname: E. Shyong surname: Tai fullname: Tai, E. Shyong – sequence: 9 givenname: Tyler Hyungtaek surname: Rim fullname: Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek – sequence: 10 givenname: Mukharram M. surname: Bikbov fullname: Bikbov, Mukharram M. – sequence: 11 givenname: Jost B. surname: Jonas fullname: Jonas, Jost B. – sequence: 12 givenname: Se Woong surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Se Woong – sequence: 13 givenname: Kyu Hyung surname: Park fullname: Park, Kyu Hyung – sequence: 14 givenname: Ching-Yu surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Ching-Yu – sequence: 15 givenname: Charumathi surname: Sabanayagam fullname: Sabanayagam, Charumathi
BookMark	eNp1Uk1rGzEUXEpKk6a59yjoJTnY1cdKK10KYeOkJoGG0kJvQtY-OTK7kiOtA_4X_cmV7RSaQE966M2M9ObN--ooxABV9ZHgKWNSfXYDdFOKKZ0q3tSseVOdUKrERHL56-if-rg6y3mFMSaM8pqwd9Ux44oQpuhJ9Xs-rI0dUXSofUgxeItufRdgi658BpMBzda-g8HHPi63qI19bxYxmdHHgM7b26vJ7H5-gW6uv6NZHv1QGmGJZo-bPSKjgiogdJ_gyfQQLCATOtT2JmfvvD3oXA6xkC6zNyF_qN4602c4ez5Pq5_Xsx_t18ndt5t5e3k3sbVoxkltmFywjgoFnCnWuVoYSjB2oJxoJGBuleDSgFowI5l1HS2FAwPMcQOSnVbzg24XzUqvU_l62upovN5fxLTUJo3e9qCJc7xT1ALHrBYSL2RNuFFECiM65kjR-nLQWm8WZSkWwphM_0L0ZSf4B72MT1qxsiTSFIHzZ4EUHzeQRz34bKF4HSBusi5jNlhxqniBfnoFXcVNCsUqzWhDG0KlwAUlDiibYs4JnLZ-3Jtd3ve9JljvMqR3GdK7DOlDhgoRvyL-neK_lD_ETsuD
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms242115837 crossref_primary_10_23876_j_krcp_23_194 crossref_primary_10_25259_IJN_77_2024 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_47751_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12933_024_02165_7 crossref_primary_10_1159_000545934 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2025_1612864 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_125_042307 crossref_primary_10_5694_mja2_52559 crossref_primary_10_1159_000545415 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm13071945 crossref_primary_10_12968_hmed_2024_0514 crossref_primary_10_22265_acnef_12_2_878 crossref_primary_10_1159_000541689 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_024_19006_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40620_023_01883_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtemb_2024_127552 crossref_primary_10_1111_nep_14420 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_025_01659_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1432965 crossref_primary_10_1159_000547627 crossref_primary_10_1515_tjb_2024_0266 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15030614 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15132991 crossref_primary_10_1093_jalm_jfae103
Cites_doi	10.2215/CJN.04160907 10.3109/09286580903144738 10.1093/ndt/gfm878 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040444 10.7326/M16-0273 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001371 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318208 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.915 10.1093/ndt/gfq084 10.1001/jama.2015.10029 10.1038/kisup.2012.73 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953 10.1681/ASN.2020121780 10.1093/ndt/gfn609 10.1093/ckj/sfab246 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.010 10.1038/s41581-019-0191-y 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314890 10.1186/s12882-020-01843-4 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 10.1038/ki.2010.462 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686 10.1056/NEJMp2028243 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.024 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007 10.1056/NEJMoa1114248 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000018
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. Copyright © 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam. Copyright © 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam. 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2022. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: Copyright © 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam. – notice: Copyright © 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam. 2022 Betzler, Sultana, He, Tham, Lim, Wang, Nangia, Tai, Rim, Bikbov, Jonas, Kang, Park, Cheng and Sabanayagam
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.957437
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Public Health Database ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine
EISSN	2296-858X
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_1ff5d92ce5034680b8415a9186a6d3f1 PMC9329617 10_3389_fmed_2022_957437
GeographicLocations	United States--US Singapore India
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: Singapore – name: United States--US – name: India
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: ; grantid: NMRC/0796/2003; NMRC/1249/2010 ; NMRC/OFLCG/001/2017; NMRC/STaR/003/2008
GroupedDBID	53G 5VS 9T4 AAFWJ AAYXX ACGFS ADBBV ADRAZ AFPKN ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV CITATION DIK GROUPED_DOAJ HYE KQ8 M48 M~E OK1 PGMZT RPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA K9. M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-4a38b3d269e5393df46a2100fe9f678e05c9658ae9b3a83cfd2b3afeae3f5ae83
IEDL.DBID	DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount	32
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000833986300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2296-858X
IngestDate	Fri Oct 03 12:40:59 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 17:51:35 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 14:39:21 EDT 2025 Thu Nov 20 00:43:23 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:29:30 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 06:16:55 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Language	English
License	This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c467t-4a38b3d269e5393df46a2100fe9f678e05c9658ae9b3a83cfd2b3afeae3f5ae83
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 This article was submitted to Nephrology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Medicine Edited by: Kook-Hwan Oh, Seoul National University, South Korea Reviewed by: Ji Hye Kim, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Wei Liu, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, China
OpenAccessLink	https://doaj.org/article/1ff5d92ce5034680b8415a9186a6d3f1
PMID	35911392
PQID	3272712860
PQPubID	7426803
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_1ff5d92ce5034680b8415a9186a6d3f1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9329617 proquest_miscellaneous_2697095295 proquest_journals_3272712860 crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fmed_2022_957437 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2022_957437
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2022-07-14
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2022-07-14
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 07 year: 2022 text: 2022-07-14 day: 14
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Lausanne
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Lausanne
PublicationTitle	Frontiers in medicine
PublicationYear	2022
Publisher	Frontiers Media SA Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml	– name: Frontiers Media SA – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References	Levey (B23) 2020; 97 Sabanayagam (B16) 2021 Ferreira (B27) 2022; 15 Levey (B2) 2020; 16 Kerr (B25) 2014; 25 Bikbov (B22) 2020; 21 Murphy (B9) 2016; 165 Jonas (B17) 2017; 124 Lane (B10) 2002; 16 Menke (B12) 2015; 314 Lavanya (B20) 2009; 16 Inker (B24) 2012; 367 Levey (B1) 2009; 150 Sabanayagam (B21) 2010; 25 Tham (B15) 2020 Park (B18) 2016; 31 Kramer (B7) 2008; 3 Shankar (B19) 2008; 23 Bragg-Gresham (B8) 2020; 10 Levin (B3) 2013; 3 Stevens (B26) 2011; 79 Diao (B13) 2021; 384 Soveri (B30) 2014; 64 Gansevoort (B28) 2013; 382 Inker (B5) 2021 Jankowski (B29) 2021; 143 Xu (B6) 2009; 24 Stevens (B4) 2013; 158 (B11) 2004; 363 Duggal (B14) 2021; 32
References_xml	– volume: 3 start-page: 1391 year: 2008 ident: B7 article-title: Chronic kidney disease prevalence estimates among racial/ethnic groups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis publication-title: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04160907 – volume: 16 start-page: 325 year: 2009 ident: B20 article-title: Methodology of the Singapore Indian Chinese Cohort (SICC) eye study: quantifying ethnic variations in the epidemiology of eye diseases in Asians publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol. doi: 10.3109/09286580903144738 – volume: 23 start-page: 1910 year: 2008 ident: B19 article-title: Association between body mass index and chronic kidney disease in men and women: population-based study of Malay adults in Singapore publication-title: Nephrol Dial Transplant. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm878 – volume: 10 start-page: e040444 year: 2020 ident: B8 article-title: Population-based comparison of chronic kidney disease prevalence and risk factors among adults living in the Punjab, Northern India and the USA (2013-2015) publication-title: BMJ Open. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040444 – volume: 165 start-page: 473 year: 2016 ident: B9 article-title: Trends in prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States publication-title: Ann Intern Med. doi: 10.7326/M16-0273 – volume: 16 start-page: 267 year: 2002 ident: B10 article-title: Ethnic differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension in England publication-title: J Hum Hypertens. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001371 – year: 2021 ident: B16 article-title: Association between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in Asians: the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium (AEEC) study publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318208 – volume: 31 start-page: 915 year: 2016 ident: B18 article-title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Korea: the Korean national health and nutritional examination survey 2011-2013 publication-title: J Korean Med Sci. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.6.915 – volume: 25 start-page: 2564 year: 2010 ident: B21 article-title: Ethnic disparities in prevalence and impact of risk factors of chronic kidney disease publication-title: Nephrol Dial Transplant. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq084 – volume: 314 start-page: 1021 year: 2015 ident: B12 article-title: Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988-2012 publication-title: JAMA. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.10029 – volume: 3 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: B3 article-title: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease publication-title: Kidney Int Suppl doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.73 – year: 2021 ident: B5 article-title: New Creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race publication-title: N Engl J Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953 – volume: 32 start-page: 1454 year: 2021 ident: B14 article-title: National estimates of CKD prevalence and potential impact of estimating glomerular filtration rate without race publication-title: J Am Soc Nephrol. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020121780 – volume: 24 start-page: 1220 year: 2009 ident: B6 article-title: Comparison of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among different ethnicities: Beijing CKD survey and American NHANES publication-title: Nephrol Dial Transplant. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn609 – volume: 15 start-page: 822 year: 2022 ident: B27 article-title: Influence of race in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with a high cardiovascular and renal risk publication-title: Clin Kidney J. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfab246 – volume: 64 start-page: 411 year: 2014 ident: B30 article-title: Measuring GFR: a systematic review publication-title: Am J Kidney Dis. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.010 – volume: 16 start-page: 51 year: 2020 ident: B2 article-title: Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate: current status and future directions publication-title: Nat Rev Nephrol. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0191-y – year: 2020 ident: B15 article-title: Is kidney function associated with primary open-angle glaucoma? findings from the Asian Eye epidemiology consortium publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314890 – volume: 21 start-page: 198 year: 2020 ident: B22 article-title: Chronic kidney disease in Russia: the ural eye and medical study publication-title: BMC Nephrol. doi: 10.1186/s12882-020-01843-4 – volume: 363 start-page: 157 year: 2004 ident: B11 publication-title: Lancet doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3 – volume: 97 start-page: 1117 year: 2020 ident: B23 article-title: Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference publication-title: Kidney Int. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010 – volume: 382 start-page: 339 year: 2013 ident: B28 article-title: Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk: epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention publication-title: Lancet. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60595-4 – volume: 150 start-page: 604 year: 2009 ident: B1 article-title: A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate publication-title: Ann Intern Med. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006 – volume: 79 start-page: 555 year: 2011 ident: B26 article-title: Evaluation of the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation for estimating the glomerular filtration rate in multiple ethnicities publication-title: Kidney Int. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.462 – volume: 143 start-page: 1157 year: 2021 ident: B29 article-title: Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options publication-title: Circulation. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686 – volume: 384 start-page: 396 year: 2021 ident: B13 article-title: In search of a better equation - performance and equity in estimates of kidney function publication-title: N Engl J Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2028243 – volume: 124 start-page: 1566 year: 2017 ident: B17 article-title: Chronic kidney disease and eye diseases: the Beijing eye study publication-title: Ophthalmology. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.024 – volume: 158 start-page: 825 year: 2013 ident: B4 article-title: Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline publication-title: Ann Intern Med. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007 – volume: 367 start-page: 20 year: 2012 ident: B24 article-title: Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C publication-title: N Engl J Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1114248 – volume: 25 start-page: 114 year: 2014 ident: B25 article-title: Net reclassification indices for evaluating risk-prediction instruments: a critical review publication-title: Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000018
SSID	ssj0001325413
Score	2.3602338
Snippet	BackgroundIn 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).... In 2021, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) validated a new equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However,...
SourceID	doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database
StartPage	957437
SubjectTerms	Age Asian Asian people Blood pressure Body mass index chronic kidney disease Collaboration Creatinine Diabetes Epidemiology Ethnicity glomerular filtration rate Hypertension Kidney diseases Medical referrals Medicine Minority & ethnic groups Population-based studies prevalence Risk factors
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: Public Health Database dbid: 8C1 link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagIMSFd8VCQUbiQA-hiR0n9gkt2yxUFVWFQOrNcvwoK6Gk3WyR-i_4ycwk3t3m0gu3KHESJzOe-cZjf0PI-1yk1ltWJo5JCFByAXaw9HWCGR8AxI4zNRSbKE9O5NmZOo0Tbl1cVrm2ib2hdq3FOfIDzsDTgjEt0k8XlwlWjcLsaiyhcZfcy1ia48CUs2w7x8Ih_Mn4kJ2EWEyBsDzSgzL2UQnwneXIG_Wk_SOkOV4necPxzB__b5efkEcRctLpoCNPyR3fPCMPvsWk-nPy96jfKUnbQCNVLj1euMZf08Mhe0OrbRnZazq7qTn0w-z4MKlOj_bpl_l3WoHBQAjcnNPqciAR7yi0gkYUyaJMv8WJmsbRvhonrlManjPFokd0ils6uxfk57z6MfuaxEINiQU7u0pyw2XNHSuUF1xxF_LCQCiZBq8COEOfCoscM8armhvJbXAMDoI3ngdhvOS7ZKdpG_-SUBGsBVAJURkLuTJ5LY1iVvG6CCK3LkzIwVpg2kYWcyym8VtDNIMi1ihijSLWg4gnZH9zx8XA4HFL28-oA5t2yL3dn2iX5zoOZZ2FIBx0youU54VMawkgyKhMFqZwPGQTsrdWBx0NQqe3ujAh7zaXYShjfsY0vr3qNPy_EhAvU2JCypHmjTo0vtIsfvWk4IDDFaDRV7e__DV5iJ_brzcu9sjOannl35D79s9q0S3f9qPnH_TFJRw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest
Title	Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence and Classification Among Asians
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3272712860 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2697095295 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9329617 https://doaj.org/article/1ff5d92ce5034680b8415a9186a6d3f1
Volume	9
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000833986300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20140101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 20190101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20190101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 20190101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2296-858X dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001325413 issn: 2296-858X databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20190101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELagIMQF8RSBsjISB3oITew4sY_bbRZWVVdRBdJyshw_YCWUhWaL1H_BT2Zsp8vmAhcuVh5OlHjGnm889jcIvSlYpq0mVWoIBwelYDAOVrZNfcQHALGhRMRkE9VyyVcr0eyl-vJrwiI9cGy449w5ZgTRlmW0KHnWcjA5SuS8VKWhLjg-gHr2nKkwu0LB8clpjEuCFyZATNYTgxLyTjCwmtXIDgW6_hHGHK-Q3DM584fowYAV8TR-4yN0y3aP0b3zIRr-BP1ahC2OeOPwwHGLz9ams9f4NIZdcP0n_-s1nu2LHL-dnZ2mdbM4wu_nF7iGnu6xa_cF1z8i-3ePoRZUwp7lSYW9SVh1Boc0mn6BUXzP1GcrwlO_F7N_ij7N64-zD-mQYSHVMEBu00JR3lJDSmEZFdS4olTgA2bOCgdWzGZMe3IYZUVLFafaGQIHzipLHVOW02fooNt09jnCzGkNaBDcKeIKoYqWK5CaoG3pWKGNS9DxTXtLPdCP-ywY3yS4IV5C0ktIegnJKKEEHe2e-B6pN_5S98SLcFfPk2aHC6BKclAl-S9VStDhjQLIoSf3khJAeGDEyyxBr3e3oQ_6wIrq7Oaql9B-FUBVIliCqpHijD5ofKdbfw1s3gCgBcDIF__jD16i-75R_NxzXhyig-3llX2F7uqf23V_OUG3q1UVSg4ln-UTdOekXjYXk9B54KxZnDeffwPS0xyo
linkProvider	Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEF6VgoALb9RAgUUCiR5MnV2v7T0gFPKgUdqoQkXKbVnvo0SqnDZOQfkX_BJ-IzO2k9SX3nrgZtnrRzbffjuzMzsfIe8iERpnWBJYloKDEgngwcRlAUZ8wCC2nMlKbCIZj9PJRB5vkb-rvTCYVrnixJKo7czgGvk-ZzDTApnG4efziwBVozC6upLQqGAxcsvf4LIVn4Y9-H_fMzbon3QPglpVIDBACosg0jzNuGWxdIJLbn0Ua_B7Qu-kB-Z2oTBYEEU7mXGdcuMtgwPvtONeaJdyeO4tcht4PMEUsmSSbNZ0OLhbbV5FQ8H3kwAOh-VIGfsoBczVSWP2K0UCGpZtMy_zykQ3ePi_ddEj8qA2qWmnGgOPyZbLn5C7R3XSwFPyZ1juBKUzT-tSwHQ0tblb0l4VnaL9jUzuknavjgz6oTvqBf3j4R79OvhG-0CIaOLnp7R_URVJLyi0gkYUi2HpcgsX1bmlpdoo5mFVz-mgqBPt4JbV4hn5fiP98Zxs57Pc7RAqvDFgNIPXyXwkdZSlWjIjeRZ7ERnrW2R_BRBl6irtKBZypsBbQ0gphJRCSKkKUi2yt77jvKpQck3bL4i5dTusLV6emM1PVU1Vqu29sPBRToQ8itMwS8HI07Kdxjq23LdbZHcFP1UTXqE22GuRt-vLQFUYf9K5m10WCvovAYueSdEiSQPpjQ9qXsmnP8ui5-BnSLC2X1z_8jfk3sHJ0aE6HI5HL8l9_Om4EN-Odsn2Yn7pXpE75tdiWsxflyOXkh83PQ7-ATIphH0
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Impact+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+Epidemiology+Collaboration+%28CKD-EPI%29+GFR+Estimating+Equations+on+CKD+Prevalence+and+Classification+Among+Asians&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+medicine&rft.au=Bjorn+Kaijun+Betzler&rft.au=Bjorn+Kaijun+Betzler&rft.au=Rehena+Sultana&rft.au=Feng+He&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=2296-858X&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffmed.2022.957437&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_1ff5d92ce5034680b8415a9186a6d3f1
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2296-858X&client=summon