The pH of Dental Plaque in Its Relation to Early Enamel Caries and Dental Plaque Flora in Humans

Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and t...

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Vydané v:	Journal of dental research Ročník 79; číslo 2; s. 770 - 777
Hlavní autori:	Lingström, P., Van Ruyven, F.O.J., Van Houte, J., Kent, R.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.02.2000 SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Predmet:	Administration, Topical Analysis of Variance Bacteria - classification Bacteria - metabolism Bacterial Physiological Phenomena caries Dental Caries - microbiology Dental Caries - physiopathology Dental Caries Susceptibility Dental Enamel - microbiology Dental Enamel - physiopathology dental plaque Dental Plaque - microbiology Dental Plaque - physiopathology Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology Dietary Sucrose - administration & dosage Dietary Sucrose - pharmacology Glucose - administration & dosage Glucose - pharmacology Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Microelectrodes Mouthwashes mutans streptococci Polysaccharides, Bacterial - metabolism Saliva - secretion Streptococcus mutans - metabolism Streptococcus mutans - physiology Tablets Time Factors pH dental plaque mutans streptococci caries
ISSN:	0022-0345, 1544-0591
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Abstract	Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and tooth surfaces, data on the examined factors have also been integrated. In vivo plaque pH determinations (microelectrode) were done on buccal sound (s) and "white-spot" (ws) caries surfaces in a selected dentition area in a low-caries (no ws) and higher-caries subject group. The pH response to sugar was evaluated before and after a sugar rinse, a local sugar application, or sucking on a sugary lozenge. pH profiles with sugar rinsing and normal or limited salivary flow conditions, showed progressively decreasing plaque pH values at various time points in the order of: low-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s + ws sites), and higher-caries subjects (ws sites). The minimum pH values showed the same trend. Analyses of all data indicated only a statistical difference for minimum values for s sites in low-caries subjects vs. ws sites in higher-caries subjects, and for s and ws sites in the latter. Local sugar application and sucking on a sugary lozenge induced smaller pH drops than sugar rinsing; such suboptimal sugar exposure caused a disappearance of the difference between the minimum pH values for s and ws sites observed with sugar rinsing in the higher-caries subjects. Initial plaque pH values were similar regardless of subject or tooth caries status. The values were also not correlated with the plaque levels of strongly iodophilic polysaccharide-storing bacteria. Collectively, both studies indicate that increasing subject caries status is characterized by increasing plaque levels of highly-acid-tolerant, acidogenic bacteria and an increasing plaque-pHlowering potential and support the dynamic relationship between these parameters.
AbstractList	Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and tooth surfaces, data on the examined factors have also been integrated. In vivo plaque pH determinations (microelectrode) were done on buccal sound (s) and "white-spot" (ws) caries surfaces in a selected dentition area in a low-caries (no ws) and higher-caries subject group. The pH response to sugar was evaluated before and after a sugar rinse, a local sugar application, or sucking on a sugary lozenge. pH profiles with sugar rinsing and normal or limited salivary flow conditions, showed progressively decreasing plaque pH values at various time points in the order of: low-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s + ws sites), and higher-caries subjects (ws sites). The minimum pH values showed the same trend. Analyses of all data indicated only a statistical difference for minimum values for s sites in low-caries subjects vs. ws sites in higher-caries subjects, and for s and ws sites in the latter. Local sugar application and sucking on a sugary lozenge induced smaller pH drops than sugar rinsing; such suboptimal sugar exposure caused a disappearance of the difference between the minimum pH values for s and ws sites observed with sugar rinsing in the higher-caries subjects. Initial plaque pH values were similar regardless of subject or tooth caries status. The values were also not correlated with the plaque levels of strongly iodophilic polysaccharide-storing bacteria. Collectively, both studies indicate that increasing subject caries status is characterized by increasing plaque levels of highly-acid-tolerant, acidogenic bacteria and an increasing plaque-pHlowering potential and support the dynamic relationship between these parameters. Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and tooth surfaces, data on the examined factors have also been integrated. In vivo plaque pH determinations (microelectrode) were done on buccal sound (s) and "white-spot" (ws) caries surfaces in a selected dentition area in a low-caries (no ws) and higher-caries subject group. The pH response to sugar was evaluated before and after a sugar rinse, a local sugar application, or sucking on a sugary lozenge. pH profiles with sugar rinsing and normal or limited salivary flow conditions, showed progressively decreasing plaque pH values at various time points in the order of: low-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s + ws sites), and higher-caries subjects (ws sites). The minimum pH values showed the same trend. Analyses of all data indicated only a statistical difference for minimum values for s sites in low-caries subjects vs. ws sites in higher-caries subjects, and for s and ws sites in the latter. Local sugar application and sucking on a sugary lozenge induced smaller pH drops than sugar rinsing; such suboptimal sugar exposure caused a disappearance of the difference between the minimum pH values for s and ws sites observed with sugar rinsing in the higher-caries subjects. Initial plaque pH values were similar regardless of subject or tooth caries status. The values were also not correlated with the plaque levels of strongly iodophilic polysaccharide-storing bacteria. Collectively, both studies indicate that increasing subject caries status is characterized by increasing plaque levels of highly-acid-tolerant, acidogenic bacteria and an increasing plaque-pH-lowering potential and support the dynamic relationship between these parameters. Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and tooth surfaces, data on the examined factors have also been integrated. In vivo plaque pH determinations (microelectrode) were done on buccal sound (s) and "white-spot" (ws) caries surfaces in a selected dentition area in a low-caries (no ws) and higher-caries subject group. The pH response to sugar was evaluated before and after a sugar rinse, a local sugar application, or sucking on a sugary lozenge. pH profiles with sugar rinsing and normal or limited salivary flow conditions, showed progressively decreasing plaque pH values at various time points in the order of: low-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s + ws sites), and higher-caries subjects (ws sites). The minimum pH values showed the same trend. Analyses of all data indicated only a statistical difference for minimum values for s sites in low-caries subjects vs. ws sites in higher-caries subjects, and for s and ws sites in the latter. Local sugar application and sucking on a sugary lozenge induced smaller pH drops than sugar rinsing; such suboptimal sugar exposure caused a disappearance of the difference between the minimum pH values for s and ws sites observed with sugar rinsing in the higher-caries subjects. Initial plaque pH values were similar regardless of subject or tooth caries status. The values were also not correlated with the plaque levels of strongly iodophilic polysaccharide-storing bacteria. Collectively, both studies indicate that increasing subject caries status is characterized by increasing plaque levels of highly-acid-tolerant, acidogenic bacteria and an increasing plaque-pH-lowering potential and support the dynamic relationship between these parameters.Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van Ruyven et al., 2000). The plaque-pH/caries relationship is the subject of this study. Since both studies involve the same subjects, plaques, and tooth surfaces, data on the examined factors have also been integrated. In vivo plaque pH determinations (microelectrode) were done on buccal sound (s) and "white-spot" (ws) caries surfaces in a selected dentition area in a low-caries (no ws) and higher-caries subject group. The pH response to sugar was evaluated before and after a sugar rinse, a local sugar application, or sucking on a sugary lozenge. pH profiles with sugar rinsing and normal or limited salivary flow conditions, showed progressively decreasing plaque pH values at various time points in the order of: low-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s sites), higher-caries subjects (s + ws sites), and higher-caries subjects (ws sites). The minimum pH values showed the same trend. Analyses of all data indicated only a statistical difference for minimum values for s sites in low-caries subjects vs. ws sites in higher-caries subjects, and for s and ws sites in the latter. Local sugar application and sucking on a sugary lozenge induced smaller pH drops than sugar rinsing; such suboptimal sugar exposure caused a disappearance of the difference between the minimum pH values for s and ws sites observed with sugar rinsing in the higher-caries subjects. Initial plaque pH values were similar regardless of subject or tooth caries status. The values were also not correlated with the plaque levels of strongly iodophilic polysaccharide-storing bacteria. Collectively, both studies indicate that increasing subject caries status is characterized by increasing plaque levels of highly-acid-tolerant, acidogenic bacteria and an increasing plaque-pH-lowering potential and support the dynamic relationship between these parameters.
Author	VAN RUYVEN F.O.J. LINGSTROM P. VAN HOUTE J. KENT R.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: P. surname: Lingström fullname: Lingström, P. organization: Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Goteborg University, P.O. Box 450, SE 40530, Goteborg, Sweden – sequence: 2 givenname: F.O.J. surname: Van Ruyven fullname: Van Ruyven, F.O.J. organization: Department of Oral Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 – sequence: 3 givenname: J. surname: Van Houte fullname: Van Houte, J. organization: Department of Oral Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 – sequence: 4 givenname: R. surname: Kent fullname: Kent, R. organization: Department of Clinical Trials and Human Experimentation, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115
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Snippet	Dental caries appears to result from the action of multiple, interrelated factors. A companion study dealt with the plaque-flora/caries relationship (van...
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SubjectTerms	Administration, Topical Analysis of Variance Bacteria - classification Bacteria - metabolism Bacterial Physiological Phenomena caries Dental Caries - microbiology Dental Caries - physiopathology Dental Caries Susceptibility Dental Enamel - microbiology Dental Enamel - physiopathology dental plaque Dental Plaque - microbiology Dental Plaque - physiopathology Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage Dietary Carbohydrates - pharmacology Dietary Sucrose - administration & dosage Dietary Sucrose - pharmacology Glucose - administration & dosage Glucose - pharmacology Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Microelectrodes Mouthwashes mutans streptococci Polysaccharides, Bacterial - metabolism Saliva - secretion Streptococcus mutans - metabolism Streptococcus mutans - physiology Tablets Time Factors
Title	The pH of Dental Plaque in Its Relation to Early Enamel Caries and Dental Plaque Flora in Humans
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