Increases in Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: Prevalence and Correlates
Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Mic...
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| Published in: | Journal of interpersonal violence Vol. 37; no. 21-22; pp. NP20482 - NP20512 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.11.2022
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
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| ISSN: | 0886-2605, 1552-6518, 1552-6518 |
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| Abstract | Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June–August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19. |
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| AbstractList | Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June–August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19. Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June–August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19. Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June-August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19.Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June-August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19. Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner violence (IPV). We administered an online general-population survey to 1169 women and transgender/nonbinary individuals throughout the state of Michigan in June–August 2020 to assess changes in the prevalence, severity, and correlates of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quota sampling was used to match the racial/ethnic and urban/rural distribution of the state. More than one in seven (15.1%) participants reported physical, sexual, psychological, or technology-facilitated IPV since COVID, similar to the prevalence in the 3 months before COVID (16.2%). However, there were indications that IPV severity increased and that novel cases of IPV are occurring in relationships that previously had no abuse. A majority (64.2%) of individuals who experienced IPV since COVID reported that the IPV was new to the relationship (34.1%) or of increased severity during COVID-19 (26.6%), representing 9.7% of the overall sample. New or increased IPV was significantly more prevalent among those who were essential workers, pregnant, unable to afford rent, unemployed/underemployed or had recent changes to their job, had partners with recent changes to employment, and those who had gotten tested or tested positive for COVID-19. Urban residence, trans/nonbinary identity, and having a toddler were more strongly associated with IPV during COVID as compared to before COVID. While findings do not support significant changes in the overall prevalence of IPV, the majority of survivors reported incident IPV in relationships that had not previously been abusive, or IPV that became more severe since the start of the pandemic. Cases of new or increased IPV were more concentrated in marginalized groups. Potential touchpoints for outreach and services during future lockdowns include prenatal and pediatric settings, daycares, employers of essential workers, and COVID-19 testing centers. Policies providing rental, childcare, and unemployment support may mitigate increases in IPV during COVID-19. |
| Author | Ashwell, Louise Tolman, Rich Herrenkohl, Todd I. Peitzmeier, Sarah M. Fedina, Lisa |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sarah M. orcidid: 0000-0003-4552-1099 surname: Peitzmeier fullname: Peitzmeier, Sarah M. organization: , Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Lisa orcidid: 0000-0003-4398-5009 surname: Fedina fullname: Fedina, Lisa organization: , Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Louise orcidid: 0000-0002-5978-196X surname: Ashwell fullname: Ashwell, Louise organization: , Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Todd I. orcidid: 0000-0002-7001-1544 surname: Herrenkohl fullname: Herrenkohl, Todd I. organization: , Ann Arbor, MI, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Rich surname: Tolman fullname: Tolman, Rich organization: , Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34866451$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| References | Pavao, Alvarez, Baumrind, Induni, Kimerling 2007; 32 Stark, Meinhart, Vahedi, Carter, Roesch, Moncrieff, Palaku, Rossi, Poulton 2020; 5 Vittinghoff, McCulloch 2007; 165 Bowlus, Seitz 2006; 47 Graham, Bernards, Wilsnack, Gmel 2011; 26 Agüero 2020; 137 Leslie, Wilson 2020; 189 Boxall, Morgan, Brown 2020; 12 Jarrett, Peitzmeier, Restar, Adamson, Howell, Baral, Beckham 2021; 16 Peitzmeier, Malik, Kattari, Marrow, Stephenson, Agenor, Reisner 2020; 110 Davis, Gilbar, Padilla-Medina 2020 Fusco, Fantuzzo 2009; 31 Meerwijk, Sevelius 2017; 107 Campbell, Webster, Koziol-McLain, Block, Campbell, Curry, Gary, McFarlane, Sachs, Sharps 2003 Hardesty, Ogolsky 2020; 82 Ravi, Rai, Schrag 2021 Jetelina, Knell, Molsberry 2020; 27 Mohler, Bertozzi, Carter, Short, Sledge, Tita, Uchida, Brantingham 2020; 68 Ashby 2020; 14 Ashby 2020; 9 Bailey 2010; 2 Piquero, Jennings, Jemison, Kaukinen, Knaul 2021; 74 Abramsky, Watts, Garcia-Moreno, Devries, Kiss, Ellsberg, Jansen, Heise 2011; 11 Niolon, Rollins, Glass, Billhardt, Connor-Smith, Baker 2009; 18 Freed, Palmer, Minchala, Levy, Ristenpart, Dell 2018 Watkins, Maldonado, DiLillo 2018; 25 Hsu, Henke 2021; 27 Modell, Kardia 2020; 59 bibr4-08862605211052586 Ravi K. E. (bibr37-08862605211052586) 2021 UN Women, and World Health Organization (bibr44-08862605211052586) 2020 Perez-Vincent S. M. (bibr33-08862605211052586) 2020 Boxall H. (bibr10-08862605211052586) 2020; 12 bibr24-08862605211052586 bibr1-08862605211052586 UN News (bibr41-08862605211052586) 2020 Brudvig I. (bibr11-08862605211052586) 2020 Black M. C. (bibr8-08862605211052586) 2011 bibr28-08862605211052586 bibr2-08862605211052586 Dartnall E. (bibr16-08862605211052586) 2020 Tertilt M. (bibr40-08862605211052586) 2020 Campbell J. C. (bibr14-08862605211052586) 2003 bibr22-08862605211052586 bibr48-08862605211052586 bibr18-08862605211052586 bibr5-08862605211052586 bibr32-08862605211052586 bibr35-08862605211052586 bibr25-08862605211052586 bibr42-08862605211052586 bibr36-08862605211052586 bibr23-08862605211052586 bibr46-08862605211052586 bibr26-08862605211052586 bibr20-08862605211052586 bibr13-08862605211052586 bibr29-08862605211052586 Smith S. (bibr38-08862605211052586) 2016 bibr19-08862605211052586 National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (bibr30-08862605211052586) 2015 bibr43-08862605211052586 Michigan (bibr27-08862605211052586) 2020 bibr39-08862605211052586 World Health Organization (bibr45-08862605211052586) 2001 Davis M. (bibr17-08862605211052586) 2020 bibr21-08862605211052586 bibr9-08862605211052586 Bryant M (bibr12-08862605211052586) 2020 bibr31-08862605211052586 bibr47-08862605211052586 bibr6-08862605211052586 bibr34-08862605211052586 bibr3-08862605211052586 Center for Criminal Justice Research (bibr15-08862605211052586) 2020 |
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| Snippet | Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner... Measures to contain the global COVID-19 pandemic led to stay-at-home orders across the world, accompanied by fears of a global surge in intimate partner... |
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| SubjectTerms | Changes Child care Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 diagnostic tests Domestic violence Employers Employment Essential workers Ethnic identity Family Violence Intimate partner violence LGBTQ people Marginality Minority groups Non-binary gender Original Research Pandemics Pediatrics Pregnancy Rural urban differences Sampling Severity Technology Tests Toddlers Transgender persons Unemployed people Unemployment Women Workers |
| Title | Increases in Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19: Prevalence and Correlates |
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