The environmental footprint of health care: a global assessment

Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to p...

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Vydané v:	The Lancet. Planetary health Ročník 4; číslo 7; s. e271 - e279
Hlavní autori:	Lenzen, Manfred, Malik, Arunima, Li, Mengyu, Fry, Jacob, Weisz, Helga, Pichler, Peter-Paul, Chaves, Leonardo Suveges Moreira, Capon, Anthony, Pencheon, David
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2020
Predmet:	Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects Environmental Pollution - adverse effects Global Health Health Care Sector Humans Malaria - epidemiology Risk Water Supply - statistics & numerical data
ISSN:	2542-5196, 2542-5196
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Abstract	Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to provide a global assessment of the wide-ranging environmental impacts of this sector. In this multiregional input-output analysis, we evaluated the contribution of health-care sectors in driving environmental damage that in turn puts human health at risk. Using a global supply-chain database containing detailed information on health-care sectors, we quantified the direct and indirect supply-chain environmental damage driven by the demand for health care. We focused on seven environmental stressors with known adverse feedback cycles: greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), malaria risk, reactive nitrogen in water, and scarce water use. Health care causes global environmental impacts that, depending on which indicator is considered, range between 1% and 5% of total global impacts, and are more than 5% for some national impacts. Enhancing health-care expenditure to mitigate negative health effects of environmental damage is often promoted by health-care practitioners. However, global supply chains that feed into the enhanced activity of health-care sectors in turn initiate adverse feedback cycles by increasing the environmental impact of health care, thus counteracting the mission of health care. Australian Research Council, National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources project.
AbstractList	Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to provide a global assessment of the wide-ranging environmental impacts of this sector.BACKGROUNDHealth-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to provide a global assessment of the wide-ranging environmental impacts of this sector.In this multiregional input-output analysis, we evaluated the contribution of health-care sectors in driving environmental damage that in turn puts human health at risk. Using a global supply-chain database containing detailed information on health-care sectors, we quantified the direct and indirect supply-chain environmental damage driven by the demand for health care. We focused on seven environmental stressors with known adverse feedback cycles: greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), malaria risk, reactive nitrogen in water, and scarce water use.METHODSIn this multiregional input-output analysis, we evaluated the contribution of health-care sectors in driving environmental damage that in turn puts human health at risk. Using a global supply-chain database containing detailed information on health-care sectors, we quantified the direct and indirect supply-chain environmental damage driven by the demand for health care. We focused on seven environmental stressors with known adverse feedback cycles: greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), malaria risk, reactive nitrogen in water, and scarce water use.Health care causes global environmental impacts that, depending on which indicator is considered, range between 1% and 5% of total global impacts, and are more than 5% for some national impacts.FINDINGSHealth care causes global environmental impacts that, depending on which indicator is considered, range between 1% and 5% of total global impacts, and are more than 5% for some national impacts.Enhancing health-care expenditure to mitigate negative health effects of environmental damage is often promoted by health-care practitioners. However, global supply chains that feed into the enhanced activity of health-care sectors in turn initiate adverse feedback cycles by increasing the environmental impact of health care, thus counteracting the mission of health care.INTERPRETATIONEnhancing health-care expenditure to mitigate negative health effects of environmental damage is often promoted by health-care practitioners. However, global supply chains that feed into the enhanced activity of health-care sectors in turn initiate adverse feedback cycles by increasing the environmental impact of health care, thus counteracting the mission of health care.Australian Research Council, National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources project.FUNDINGAustralian Research Council, National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources project. Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to environment-related threats to human health. Previous studies have quantified the carbon emissions resulting from health care at a global level. We aimed to provide a global assessment of the wide-ranging environmental impacts of this sector. In this multiregional input-output analysis, we evaluated the contribution of health-care sectors in driving environmental damage that in turn puts human health at risk. Using a global supply-chain database containing detailed information on health-care sectors, we quantified the direct and indirect supply-chain environmental damage driven by the demand for health care. We focused on seven environmental stressors with known adverse feedback cycles: greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter, air pollutants (nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide), malaria risk, reactive nitrogen in water, and scarce water use. Health care causes global environmental impacts that, depending on which indicator is considered, range between 1% and 5% of total global impacts, and are more than 5% for some national impacts. Enhancing health-care expenditure to mitigate negative health effects of environmental damage is often promoted by health-care practitioners. However, global supply chains that feed into the enhanced activity of health-care sectors in turn initiate adverse feedback cycles by increasing the environmental impact of health care, thus counteracting the mission of health care. Australian Research Council, National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources project.
Author	Pencheon, David Pichler, Peter-Paul Malik, Arunima Fry, Jacob Chaves, Leonardo Suveges Moreira Weisz, Helga Lenzen, Manfred Li, Mengyu Capon, Anthony
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Manfred surname: Lenzen fullname: Lenzen, Manfred organization: Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Arunima surname: Malik fullname: Malik, Arunima email: arunima.malik@sydney.edu.au organization: Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Mengyu surname: Li fullname: Li, Mengyu organization: Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Jacob surname: Fry fullname: Fry, Jacob organization: Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Helga surname: Weisz fullname: Weisz, Helga organization: Social Metabolism and Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Peter-Paul surname: Pichler fullname: Pichler, Peter-Paul organization: Social Metabolism and Impacts, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Leonardo Suveges Moreira surname: Chaves fullname: Chaves, Leonardo Suveges Moreira organization: Integrated Sustainability Analysis, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Anthony surname: Capon fullname: Capon, Anthony organization: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 9 givenname: David surname: Pencheon fullname: Pencheon, David organization: Medical and Health School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32681898$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Health-care services are necessary for sustaining and improving human wellbeing, yet they have an environmental footprint that contributes to...
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SubjectTerms	Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects Environmental Pollution - adverse effects Global Health Health Care Sector Humans Malaria - epidemiology Risk Water Supply - statistics & numerical data
Title	The environmental footprint of health care: a global assessment
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