Innate and Adaptive Immune Memory: an Evolutionary Continuum in the Host's Response to Pathogens

Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although the mechanisms and properties through which innate and adaptive immune memory are induce...

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Vydáno v:	Cell host & microbe Ročník 25; číslo 1; s. 13
Hlavní autoři:	Netea, Mihai G, Schlitzer, Andreas, Placek, Katarzyna, Joosten, Leo A B, Schultze, Joachim L
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States 09.01.2019
Témata:	Adaptive Immunity - genetics Adaptive Immunity - immunology Animals Biological Evolution Epigenesis, Genetic Humans Immunity, Innate - immunology Immunologic Memory - immunology Infection - immunology Lymphocytes - immunology Recombination, Genetic Evolution Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Trained immunity Immune memory
ISSN:	1934-6069, 1934-6069
On-line přístup:	Zjistit podrobnosti o přístupu
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Abstract	Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although the mechanisms and properties through which innate and adaptive immune memory are induced are distinct, they collude to improve host defense to pathogens. Here, we propose that innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," is a primitive form of adaptation in host defense, resulting from chromatin structure rearrangement, which provides an increased but non-specific response to reinfection. In contrast, adaptive immune memory is more advanced, with increased magnitude of response mediated through epigenetic changes, as well as specificity mediated by gene recombination. An integrative model of immune memory is important for broad understanding of host defense, and for identifying the most effective approaches to modulate it for the benefit of patients with infections and immune-mediated diseases.
AbstractList	Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although the mechanisms and properties through which innate and adaptive immune memory are induced are distinct, they collude to improve host defense to pathogens. Here, we propose that innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," is a primitive form of adaptation in host defense, resulting from chromatin structure rearrangement, which provides an increased but non-specific response to reinfection. In contrast, adaptive immune memory is more advanced, with increased magnitude of response mediated through epigenetic changes, as well as specificity mediated by gene recombination. An integrative model of immune memory is important for broad understanding of host defense, and for identifying the most effective approaches to modulate it for the benefit of patients with infections and immune-mediated diseases.Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although the mechanisms and properties through which innate and adaptive immune memory are induced are distinct, they collude to improve host defense to pathogens. Here, we propose that innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," is a primitive form of adaptation in host defense, resulting from chromatin structure rearrangement, which provides an increased but non-specific response to reinfection. In contrast, adaptive immune memory is more advanced, with increased magnitude of response mediated through epigenetic changes, as well as specificity mediated by gene recombination. An integrative model of immune memory is important for broad understanding of host defense, and for identifying the most effective approaches to modulate it for the benefit of patients with infections and immune-mediated diseases. Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Although the mechanisms and properties through which innate and adaptive immune memory are induced are distinct, they collude to improve host defense to pathogens. Here, we propose that innate immune memory, or "trained immunity," is a primitive form of adaptation in host defense, resulting from chromatin structure rearrangement, which provides an increased but non-specific response to reinfection. In contrast, adaptive immune memory is more advanced, with increased magnitude of response mediated through epigenetic changes, as well as specificity mediated by gene recombination. An integrative model of immune memory is important for broad understanding of host defense, and for identifying the most effective approaches to modulate it for the benefit of patients with infections and immune-mediated diseases.
Author	Netea, Mihai G Joosten, Leo A B Placek, Katarzyna Schlitzer, Andreas Schultze, Joachim L
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mihai G surname: Netea fullname: Netea, Mihai G email: mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl organization: Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania. Electronic address: mihai.netea@radboudumc.nl – sequence: 2 givenname: Andreas surname: Schlitzer fullname: Schlitzer, Andreas organization: Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Katarzyna surname: Placek fullname: Placek, Katarzyna organization: Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Leo A B surname: Joosten fullname: Joosten, Leo A B organization: Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania – sequence: 5 givenname: Joachim L surname: Schultze fullname: Schultze, Joachim L email: j.schultze@uni-bonn.de organization: Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: j.schultze@uni-bonn.de
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Keywords	Evolution Innate immunity Adaptive immunity Trained immunity Immune memory
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Snippet	Immunological memory is an important evolutionary trait that improves host survival upon reinfection. Memory is a characteristic recognized within both the...
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SubjectTerms	Adaptive Immunity - genetics Adaptive Immunity - immunology Animals Biological Evolution Epigenesis, Genetic Humans Immunity, Innate - immunology Immunologic Memory - immunology Infection - immunology Lymphocytes - immunology Recombination, Genetic
Title	Innate and Adaptive Immune Memory: an Evolutionary Continuum in the Host's Response to Pathogens
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