Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with common variable immunodeficiency and a matched control group: A Danish nationwide cohort study

The risk of severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the course of the infection among individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) relative to the general population have been a matter of debate. We conducted a Danish nationwide study comparing the timing of SAR...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Frontiers in immunology Jg. 13; S. 994253
Hauptverfasser:	Katzenstein, Terese L., Rasmussen, Line D., Drabe, Camilla Helberg, Larsen, Carsten Schade, Hansen, Ann-Brit Eg, Stærkind, Mette, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Hansen, Christian Holm, Obel, Niels
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 23.09.2022
Schlagworte:	Adult clinical outcome Cohort Studies common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) Common Variable Immunodeficiency - complications Common Variable Immunodeficiency - epidemiology COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 Vaccines Denmark - epidemiology Humans Immunology inborn errors of immunity (IEI) Reinfection SARS-CoV-2 severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Denmark inborn errors of immunity (IEI) severe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) clinical outcome severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract	The risk of severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the course of the infection among individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) relative to the general population have been a matter of debate. We conducted a Danish nationwide study comparing the timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the risk of first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, re-infection, and the outcome of infection among individuals with CVID relative to an age- and gender matched control group. Cox regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios. The CVID patients received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations earlier than those included in the population control group. Even so, the risks of both first infection and re-infection were increased among the individuals with CVID. The CVID group also had increased risk for hospital contacts due to SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to the general population. However, reassuringly, the risk of mechanical ventilation and death did not differ between the groups, but the numbers were low in both groups, making the estimates uncertain. Though this is the largest study to investigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes hereof among individuals with CVID relative to the general population, we cannot rule out minor differences in severity, which might only be detectable with an even larger sample size.
AbstractList	The risk of severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the course of the infection among individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) relative to the general population have been a matter of debate. We conducted a Danish nationwide study comparing the timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the risk of first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, re-infection, and the outcome of infection among individuals with CVID relative to an age- and gender matched control group. Cox regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios. The CVID patients received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations earlier than those included in the population control group. Even so, the risks of both first infection and re-infection were increased among the individuals with CVID. The CVID group also had increased risk for hospital contacts due to SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to the general population. However, reassuringly, the risk of mechanical ventilation and death did not differ between the groups, but the numbers were low in both groups, making the estimates uncertain. Though this is the largest study to investigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes hereof among individuals with CVID relative to the general population, we cannot rule out minor differences in severity, which might only be detectable with an even larger sample size. The risk of severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the course of the infection among individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) relative to the general population have been a matter of debate. We conducted a Danish nationwide study comparing the timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the risk of first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, re-infection, and the outcome of infection among individuals with CVID relative to an age- and gender matched control group. Cox regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios. The CVID patients received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations earlier than those included in the population control group. Even so, the risks of both first infection and re-infection were increased among the individuals with CVID. The CVID group also had increased risk for hospital contacts due to SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to the general population. However, reassuringly, the risk of mechanical ventilation and death did not differ between the groups, but the numbers were low in both groups, making the estimates uncertain. Though this is the largest study to investigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes hereof among individuals with CVID relative to the general population, we cannot rule out minor differences in severity, which might only be detectable with an even larger sample size.The risk of severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the course of the infection among individuals with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) relative to the general population have been a matter of debate. We conducted a Danish nationwide study comparing the timing of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the risk of first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, re-infection, and the outcome of infection among individuals with CVID relative to an age- and gender matched control group. Cox regression was used to calculate incidence rate ratios. The CVID patients received SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations earlier than those included in the population control group. Even so, the risks of both first infection and re-infection were increased among the individuals with CVID. The CVID group also had increased risk for hospital contacts due to SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to the general population. However, reassuringly, the risk of mechanical ventilation and death did not differ between the groups, but the numbers were low in both groups, making the estimates uncertain. Though this is the largest study to investigate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections and outcomes hereof among individuals with CVID relative to the general population, we cannot rule out minor differences in severity, which might only be detectable with an even larger sample size.
Author	Knudsen, Lene Surland Katzenstein, Terese L. Larsen, Carsten Schade Rasmussen, Line D. Drabe, Camilla Helberg Hansen, Christian Holm Hansen, Ann-Brit Eg Stærkind, Mette Obel, Niels
AuthorAffiliation	5 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark 8 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention , Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen , Denmark 7 Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , Copenhagen , Denmark
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark – name: 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark – name: 7 Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark – name: 5 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark – name: 8 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention , Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen , Denmark – name: 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark – name: 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark – name: 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Cites_doi	10.1056/NEJMOA2115481/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA2115481_DISCLOSURES.PDF 10.5802/CRBIOL.36 10.1111/PAI.13661 10.1007/s10875-021-01077-5 10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003874 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.010 10.1111/ajt.17142 10.1093/cid/ciac328 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000789 10.1089/jir.2020.0210 10.1016/J.JAIP.2020.08.059 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575-4 10.1016/J.EBIOM.2021.103705 10.1007/s10875-021-01065-9 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.017 10.1073/PNAS.2200413119 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835770 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02753 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.620 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000786 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.013 10.1016/J.JAIP.2020.11.006 10.1093/CID/CIAC178 10.1007/s10875-020-00928-x/Published 10.7759/CUREUS.23094 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614086 10.1007/S10875-022-01264-Y 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.10.2200181 10.1080/23744235.2021.1957144 10.1007/S10875-021-01066-8 10.1111/ALL.15025 10.1038/S41591-022-01792-5 10.1038/s41598-021-94630-6 10.1016/J.JCLINEPI.2004.03.012 10.3389/FMED.2020.00190/BIBTEX 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00365-6 10.1111/SJI.12551
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Copyright	Copyright © 2022 Katzenstein, Rasmussen, Drabe, Larsen, Hansen, Stærkind, Knudsen, Hansen and Obel. Copyright © 2022 Katzenstein, Rasmussen, Drabe, Larsen, Hansen, Stærkind, Knudsen, Hansen and Obel 2022 Katzenstein, Rasmussen, Drabe, Larsen, Hansen, Stærkind, Knudsen, Hansen and Obel
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Keywords	inborn errors of immunity (IEI) severe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) clinical outcome severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Language	English
License	Copyright © 2022 Katzenstein, Rasmussen, Drabe, Larsen, Hansen, Stærkind, Knudsen, Hansen and Obel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Jiri Litzman, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Czechia; Federica Pulvirenti, Accademic Hospital Policlinico Umberto, Italy This article was submitted to Primary Immunodeficiencies, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Edited by: Anna Sediva, University Hospital in Motol, Czechia
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SubjectTerms	Adult clinical outcome Cohort Studies common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) Common Variable Immunodeficiency - complications Common Variable Immunodeficiency - epidemiology COVID-19 - epidemiology COVID-19 Vaccines Denmark - epidemiology Humans Immunology inborn errors of immunity (IEI) Reinfection SARS-CoV-2 severe adult respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Title	Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with common variable immunodeficiency and a matched control group: A Danish nationwide cohort study
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36211430 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2723483890 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9539828 https://doaj.org/article/85ade2e716fd470992f2cb83e0ae330a
Volume	13
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